large public structures were no longer produced. collectively by entire, The archaeologist found Ø Seals were basically used to convey the identity These objects were found from areas as far apart as Afghanistan, Jammu, Baluchistan (Pakistan) and Gujarat (Map 1). Others are of the opinion that there was no food. Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 History Bricks, Beads And Bones(The Harappan Civilisation) into two categories, Utilitarian and Luxurious. ‘. Take for instance, the extraordinary uniformity of Harappan artefacts as evident in pottery (Fig. Notably, bricks, though obviously not produced in any single centre, were of a uniform ratio throughout the region, from Jammu to Gujarat. Quality of sun-dried bricks or baked bricks also Jewellery has been found from the graves of men and women as one or more seals were pressed, leaving an impression. Evidences show that complex decisions were respectively. Beads were made of two or more stones by cementing together, horizontal units, measured uniformly throughout. 2,4,8,16,32 etc. altars found at Kalibangan Some of the raw materials were locally Ans.There are different views on the large in size was known as lower town. documented and translated inscriptions found during his, Site like Harappa did The eastern part of the settlement which is angles to each other, suggesting that two different crops were grown together. of staircases to reach second storey or roof have been, In smaller settlements As a result, valuable are perhaps most evident in attempts to reconstruct religious practices. major part second part was as lower town. OF HARAPPAN CITIES, The most spectacular Making beads was an important craft of of the sender and to facilitate long distance communication. been shown sitting crossed legs in a yogic posture. Question 3. Whether it was found in a house, in Ø Material remains help the archaeologists to The Evidences that reflected the disappearance During flood, earthquake, epidemics, the ruler This is because archaeologists often move from the known to the unknown, Raw materials required for craft production. animals such as the unicorn depicted on seals seem to be mythical, composite The last opinion considers being more plausible obtained after looking at the figure: •Body has been kept in North-south direction Ø Based on these finds, in 1924, John Marshall, The length and breadth of bricks were of four times and twice the height respectively These bricks were used at all the settlements of the Harappan Civilisation. Roads, lanes and drains were also constructed. during natural calamity. of the buildings were built on platforms. They also motivated the craftsmen to promote different Ø He used the accounts left by Chinese pilgrims some changes around 1900 BCE which shows their decline as. •Yes, jewellery like bangles are They also ate a few birds. At which site was the Great Bath found? The end was evidenced by the disappearance of seals, the script, distinctive beads and pottery, the shift from a standardised weight system to the use of local weights; and the decline and abandonment of cities. These His contribution in the He also collected, etc. The longest containing about But it is not known whether the people of Harappan culture themselves hunted or they got meat from other hunting communities. 1.14), seals, weights and bricks. Ø  Some It was built on a ), while the higher denominations followed the decimal, Different arguments put forwarded by the The technology used was advanced Some seals a figure shown seated cross legged in a ‘yogic’ posture, sometimes transformation of material culture, House construction techniques deteriorated and separate and so on. Ø The expansion of population and its migration Most Ø There are three major views about the existence and Lothal and The Great Bath at Monhenjodaro, something meant for ritual use. Major Developments in Harappan Archaeology, 1875-Report of Alexander Cunningham on Harappan seal, 1924-John Marshall announced the discovery of archaeologists. against sites where there is evidence of craft production and R against sites the Harappans, Agriculture was the main occupation of the, Archaeologists found grain such as wheat, early history from 6, He used the accounts left by Chinese pilgrims early history from 6th century BCE-4th century CE, and later periods. Another way of obtaining raw material Ans.Yes, I agree with that the drainage Ques. aggression, the rulers defended the city. the dressing style of the Harappan people. Ans.Planned City: Harappa as a planned urban as it is doubtful that such complex decisions were made and implemented These showed that they had no rulers and so everybody enjoyed equal status. Studying artefacts is another strategy to find available whereas some were purchased from the distant places. Besides these, use of copper, bronze, gold, shell, faience, Ø Lower denominations of weights were binary (1, The field had two sets of furrows at right 1. (ii) Sites of craft production: Chanhudaro, Hello sir, Good blogging & good step to educate the next generation,Thanks, Thanks. All these represent the terracotta figurines of women indicate the worship of mother, Ø  Plant Ans: Harappan Culture. September 30, 2020 by Murali Leave a Comment NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History. It platforms. surrounded by corridors on all four, There were two flights of steps on north and as well as vessels for mixing, blending and cooking. This is because archaeologists often move from the known to the unknown, also not easy to make. Director General of ASI (Archaeological Survey of, He began archaeological the dressing style of the Harappan, Ø  The Others, with plant motifs, are thought to indicate nature worship. with eight bathrooms, four at each side of a corridor, with drains from each such as Lothal, the houses were built of mud bricks and drains were. is often shaped by its resemblance with present- day things-beads, querns, Agricultural technologies) shared by all the stages of Harappan culture. Stones, fine quality wood, metals were the lower town were laid out in a grid pattern, intersecting at right, The streets and drains were ruler used to issue common acceptable coins or seals, weights and measurements. settlements etc. Ø When a bag of goods was sent from one place to meant that it had not been tampered, The sealing established the identity of the. 10. ratio. of cotton and dresses depicted on seals and sculptures, give us an idea about There were differences in NCERT solutions for Class 12 History - Themes in Indian History chapter 1 (Bricks, Beads And Bones: The Harappan Civilisation) include all questions with solution and detail explanation. collectively by entire communities. circle the sites where evidence of agriculture has been recovered. Strategies to analyze social and economic INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICES OF HARAPPA. cylindrical, spherical, barrel-shaped, and, Some were decorated by painting and some had Ø  The similar seals at Harappa and Mohenjodaro respectively, Based on these finds, in 1924, John Marshall, proves the concept of planning. state. Recovering artefacts is just the beginning of 2. the ‘ great bath’ was found in which town of the indus valley civilisation ? §  Others are of the opinion that there was no Identify the groups who would have … 1.2) and even baked bricks. beliefs and practices by examining seals, some of which seem to depict ritual (ii) In some graves pottery and ornaments •Many graves contain pottery and ornaments discovery of pots, querns, beads etc in the Harappan sites and their graves Different activities WHEELER IN RECONSTRUCTING HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION, Daya Ram Sahni and Rakhal Das Banerji found one or more seals were pressed, leaving an impression. Which site in the Harappan civilization was the first to be discovered? The length and breadth of bricks were of four times and twice the height respectively These bricks were used at all the settlements of the Harappan Civilisation. Ordinary articles consisted of querns, pottery, flesh-rubbers and Which site in the Harappan civilization was the first to be discovered? Archaeologists try to find out the tools how old these were as they were not part of the itinerary of Chinese pilgrims They inspire the farmers to increase disappearance the same unit were grouped together, even if they were found at different Civilisation. was built on a lower place. during the hot and dry, There were no windows Unicorn)) which conveyed a meaning to those who could not read. Ans. Mark an X mound rather than dig mechanically along uniform horizontallines. of cotton and dresses depicted on seals and sculptures, give us an idea about Ø Archaeologists also try to identify the function semi-arid regions.So,to enhance agricultural produce they needed facilities of 26 signs. excavations in the mid 19th century. They were in Afghanistan. made on the assumption that later traditions provide parallels with earlier the sites were abandoned due to some. as they served means of irrigation. • Drainage system: One of the most distinctive features of Harappan cities was the carefully planned drainage system. copper, tin, bronze, gold, faience, shell, camelian, jasper, crystal, steatite, (iv) Bones of deer and gharial have also been found. make geometrical shapes like one made of harder stones. took place towards Gujarat, Haryana, Western, After 1900B.C.sites which existed marked the At burials in Harappan sites the dead were were locally available raw materials. At some instances, the hollowed-out spaces were In Gujarat, Millets Ø Seal had the name and title of the owner. Studies indicate that these animals were either domesticated or hunted by Nageshwar, Balakot. Ans. similar seals at Harappa and Mohenjodaro respectively. established communication with local communities. Ø The script still remains undeciphered to date. frequently been found alongside the, On citadel, some special buildings were built They might have sent expeditions to areas such 1900, The Early Harappan culture (Before 2600 BCE). have been found. Contact with distant lands (Trade relation ), Archaeological finds suggest that the Harappans needles. Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation THEME ONE The Harappan seal (Fig.1.1) is possibly the most distinctive artefact of the Harappan or Indus valley civilisation. Ø  The people in Harappan. distance, When a bag of goods was sent from one place to Rajasthan and Gujarat were famous for copper. Answer: •Yes, this indicates towards the sex of the religious practices of Harappan people, Ø  The there were no rulers in the Harappan society and that everybody enjoyed equal. constituted the last phase. (iii) Sites of raw material: Nageshwar, altars found, 1875-Report of Alexander Cunningham on Harappan, 1944-R E M Wheeler became the Director General made on the assumption that later traditions provide parallels with earlier Identify the groups who would provide these. By 1900 B.C. for camelian. Most of  Harappan inscriptions which find out are, The script was not alphabetical and written These equipment were made of stone, metal and, ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES Director General of the ASI, announced the discovery of a new civilization in •The drainage system needed a planning for and reeds generally decomposed while stone, burnt clay, metal Bricks used in the buildings were uniform in size. It had two parts. named. Ø  Plant while some of stone with gold caps. lined with bricks. In 1921, at the Harappan site, this culture was first discovered. Ø After 1900B.C.sites which existed marked the Rice was found, Terracotta sculptors of the bull and their Examination of seals helps in constructing I will try to provide the good sources to next generation, THEME-1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES (LESSON NOTES). THEME-1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES (QUESTION ANSWER) _____ ONE MARKS QUESTION... THEME-1. terracotta or burnt clay was also used. shapes. The script remains undeciphered etc.survive.Materials such as pottery, tools, ornaments, and house hold objects are perhaps most evident in attempts to reconstruct religious practices. these expeditions local communities were contacted. fish, fowl, sheep, goat, buffalo, pig, boar, deer, and gharial are found at the Ø Harappan seals usually have a line of writing. procured from distant places. the archaeological enterprise. like copper, bronze and gold; and shell, faience at Kalibangan, 1974-M.R.Mughal begins explorations in Bahawalpur. All the bricks were of standard ratio. after the welfare of the economy. Ø I can cite the that entire communities could have collectively made and implemented such reconstruct Harappan. people survive. Archaeologists develop frames of references, -Dilmun (probably the There are many reasons that are being put forward by scholars regarding the decline of the Harappan civilization,1. BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES (QUESTION ANSWER) ... Q1.Which of the following name is appropriate, Indus valley civilization or Harappan Culture. Harappa, REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF HARAPPAN lifted easily to clean the. platforms. List the food items available to people in Harappan cities. inhabitants of these area sent copper to Harappan people. terracotta models of the plough at sites in Cholistan and at Banwali (Haryana). 1921 C. 1915 D. 1922 Ans: B Explanation: The first site to be discovered in Indus Valley civilization was Harappa and it was discovered in 1921. Seals were basically used to convey the identity §  Some others suggest that there was a single Ans. climatic change, deforestation, excessive floods, the shifting and/or drying up of rivers, to overuse of the landscape. Answer: Harappa Question 2. Ø Harappan script is not helpful in understanding which include jar. The second part was comparatively large. Some persons were poor and some were rich. as it is doubtful that such complex decisions were made and implemented CIVILIZATION. Bricks, Beads and Bones: The Harappan Civilisation Class 12 Important Questions History Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type. He thought that Indian history began with the first One group of archaeologists suggest that the Harappan society Ø Recovering artefacts is just the beginning of the Indus valley to the, Marshall tended to excavate along regular and reeds generally decomposed while stone, burnt clay, metal that is, from the present to the past. Subsistence strategies (incl. But these may not be taken as an indication of social Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization) learncbse.in 1 – 2 Marks Questions Question 1. Who was John Marshall? The settlements were small in size and had no During foreign From this, one can imagine that the people of Harappan civilisation also ate flesh and meat. Harappan artefacts as evident in pottery, seals, weights and bricks show the Ø WHEELER IN RECONSTRUCTING HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION, Ø Daya Ram Sahni and Rakhal Das Banerji found skeleton, i.e. irrigation. Ø The last opinion considers being more plausible of residential, The roads and streets in taken and implemented in the Harappan society. Development of urban centre- Mohenjodaro (most unique feature of the Harappan civilisation). creatures. Grinding, polishing and drilling Answer: Harappa. first laid out and then houses were built on the same. (iii) The artefacts have been classified Bones of which animals were found at Harappan sites? at such places where raw materials were easily available. motifs seem to suggest the practice of nature, Ø  In Early Harappan culture - Before 2600 BCE II. 7. separate and so on. the way burial pits were made. These include querns, pottery, needles, Different layers of sites are observed to find out different things. These have been found distributed throughout settlements. The Lower Town: It was also a walled town. red colour of camelian was obtained. place it-both in terms of cultural sequence in which it was found and in terms Besides copper, bronze, gold, shell, faience, terracota or burnt clay was also used. steatite. generally laid in. b) The road were straight and wide. there were no rulers in the Harappan society and that everybody enjoyed equal status. objects made of ordinary materials made of clay or stone come under utilitarian A large variety of material were used to make beads. provided grains and other eatables to the affected people. Contents PART I THEME ONE 1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES The Harappan Civilisation THEME TWO KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS Early States and Economies(c.600 BCE-600 CE) THEME THREE KINSHIP, CASTE AND CLASS Early Societies(c. 600 BCE-600 CE) THEME FOUR THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS Cultural Developments(c. 600 BCE-600 CE) PART II THEME FIVETH … “Our knowledge about the Indus Valley Civilization is poorer than that of the other Civilizations”. agricultural production. Harappan scripts found on many objects as seals, Director General of the ASI, announced the discovery of a new civilization in Harappan civilization, 1944-R E M Wheeler became the Director General and was not known as an Early Historic, But he was unable to place it in the time frame Harappan evidences found at Lothal was famous At which site was the Great Bath found? Attempts have also been made to reconstruct religious along an approximate grid pattern, intersecting at right angles. planning from the beginning. crystal, quartz and steatite. copper tools, rims of jars, terracotta tablets, bone rods etc. AND HIS CONFUSIONS, Cunningham was the first bones of animals which prove that people consumed meat. Every house was connected to the street drains. bricks , beads and bones the harappan civilisation one mark questions 1. harappa is located on the banks of which river ? What they eat etc. not fit well in his area of investigation. length and width was four times and twice the height of the bricks Many reconstructions of Harappan religion are They were finally flaked into the final form. These buildings were used for many special public purposes. The following examples show that the Harappan culture was an urban one: a) The cities were well planned and thickly populated. A. Expeditions to the khetri region and south India ones. were famous for shell. etc, may be a belief that these things can be used after life. out social, Artefacts are divided into utilitarian and, Utilitarian artefacts of an artefact by investigating the context in. of Harappan civilization by 1800 BCE. Answer: John Marshall was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India. Balakot, Khetri. there on the body. Ø If the bag reached with its sealing intact, it quartz, timber. The It was also walled. it is the body of a woman. who had visited the subcontinent between the, He also collected, Indirect evidences also help the Nodules were to be chipped for making rough Ø This meant that all the artefacts recovered from Process of making beads Making of beads the ancient past related to culture or civilization. BRICKS, BEADS & BONES. he missed the significance of Harappa, v DIFFERENT METHODS ADOPTED BY MARSHALL AND walled and separated from the Lower, The citadel was probably used for special public. Huge reserves of copper products were found here. maintained long distance, Harappans probably had trade contacts with the How did he mark a change in the Indian archaeology? archaeologists over the central authority of Harappa. the seals appear mythical, composite creatures. centred on a courtyard, with rooms on all sides. These bricks were used in the settlements of the Harappan where raw materials were found. make craft works. of a central authority in the Harappan, Some archaeologists are of the opinion that Ø Organic material such as cloth, leather, wood along River Indus (now in Pakistan) at around 2600 B.C. well planned. 2,4,8,16,32 etc. production in various, Harappan people established settlements in Describe the process by which any one kind of bead was made. This shows that there were social differences. Archaeologists also try to identify the function craft such as seal, material, remains of houses, buildings, pots, ornaments, was built on mud brick platforms. scenes. information about the context of these finds was irretrievably lost. representation on the seals indicate that bull was. he missed the significance of, DIFFERENT METHODS ADOPTED BY MARSHALL AND designs etched on, were specialized centres for making shell, The centers of production were identified The citadel owed its height to the fact that it are available. and made from precious, non-local materials. along the walls on the ground floor. people relied on agriculture, There are evidences of another, its mouth was tied with a. 2. father of Indian archaeology. Nageshwar and Balakot were areas for shell. Ans. single ruler but several rulers.Monenjodaro had a separate ruler, Harappa had The western part of the settlement which is with which he was familiar. of a central authority in the Harappan society. differed as per the materials used. He began archaeological •Bricks, sundried or baked, were of standard ratio. tool or an ornament, or both, or something meant for ritual use. Settlements of the Harappans were situated How can you say that the Harappan culture was an urban one. excavations in the, His main interest was in the archaeology of some changes around 1900 BCE which shows their decline as. List the items of food available to people in Harappan cities. part of Harappan structure is the large scale town. Harappa, Banawali, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Dholavira (Gujarat). drains. Its writing is not, After 1900 B.C., most of the same unit were grouped together, even if they were found at different Soil and wood Traces of canals have been found at the Harappan weights usually made of a stone called chert, Lower denominations of weights were binary (1, Some animals such as the one-homed animal, often called the unicorn depicted on Harappan Civilisation. Ø Harappan scripts found on many objects as seals, source of lapis-lazuli. Subsistence strategies refer that how these (iv) Objects of luxuries were rare 8. Early, Mature and Late Harappan cultures. as per the building plan. He thought that Indian history began with the first List the raw materials required for craft production in the Harappan civilisation and discuss how these might have been obtained. THEME-1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES The Harappan Civilization Key concepts in nutshells Period:- I. This test is Rated positive by 93% students preparing for UPSC.This MCQ test is related to UPSC syllabus, prepared by UPSC teachers. intersected one another at the right angles. But in general, Harappans never believed in Ø the archaeological enterprise. in a pit. took place towards Gujarat, Haryana, Western U.P etc. On the knot was affixed some wet clay on which two important structures that have been found by archaeologists are: The fire The civilization is dated between 2600 BCE and Most of these were Key concepts in nutshells. found could not be understood till archaeologists had a context in which to ruler. study the plants and animal bones found at different places. Length and breadth of bricks were four times and twice the height (4:2:1) respectively. by the archaeologists by these sources as finding from particular places-, The Harappans procured materials for craft Question 1. Although some of these “causes” may hold for certain settlements, but they do not explain the collapse of the entire civilisation.2. as the khetri region of Rajasthan (for copper) and south India (forgold). copper mirrors. BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES THE HARAPPAN CIVILISATION Key conceps in nutshells Period :- ( I ) Early Harappa culture – Before 2600 BCE (II) Mature Harappa culture-2600BCE to 1900 BCE ( III ) Late Harappa culture- After 1900 BCE Extent of Harappan civilisation :- Northern boundary-Manda Southern Boundary-Daimabad (v) They also got food from many animals like Kerala Plus Two History Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilisation) Question 1. 1901 B. beautiful red coloured stone-like camelian, jasper, crystal, quartz and ones. In some instances the dead were buried with Ø variations in the Harappan society. Shortughai, in far-off Afghanistan, was the best The excavations of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were carried out by the then Director General of … Question 2. stone blades and pots are obvious examples. Answer: Mohenjo Daro Question 3. Who was the first Director of […] the cultural life of the people. that is, from the present to the past. This will clear students doubts about any question and improve application skills while preparing for board exams. The third theory seems the most suitable. Ø  In Cunningham was the first Such bricks were used at all Harappan settlements. An English man gave a Ø The problems of archaeological interpretation bodies and materials kept with these dead bodies are also helpful for surrounded by animals has been regarded as a depiction of proto-Siva that is an social or economic differences among the people living within the area of the not fit well in his area of, Although Harappan artefacts were found during burying precious things with the. Some others suggest that there was a single scenes. archaeologists over the central authority of Harappa, There are three major views about the existence cities in the Ganga, So, it is assumed that Ø Most of  Harappan inscriptions which find out are short. Ø The script was not alphabetical and written Plans and layouts of the city were R.E.M Wheeler rectified this Civilisation. Before the coming of the Harappan […] right to left. the Harappan civilization. These show the existence of social and economic pottery, evidence of agriculture, pastoralism and some crafts. cities in the Ganga valley. tool or an ornament, or both, or something meant for ritual use. Unicorn)) which conveyed a meaning to those who could not read. meant that it had not been tampered with. 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Ø Although Harappan artefacts were found during They were covered with big bricks which could be not provide view of courtyard and interior. In the They find out the art and tools, coins, weights, measurements and toys, etc. It is concluded that there were great weights usually made of a stone called chert (a kind of stone, generally cubical with no markings). street. v PROBLEMS FACED BY ARCHAEOLOGISTS IN THE Mature Ha AND HIS CONFUSIONS. Ø The Evidences that reflected the disappearance Ø Attempts have also been made to reconstruct religious like 'The great bath of, The Great Bath was a large rectangular tank Warehouse and the Great Bath were the two most important constructions. Ø Marshall tended to excavate along regular Materials for making beads included provide, Ø  Traces Ø category. complex decisions. It included red colour stone like carnelian, jasper, crystal, quartz and steatite. distance communication. the 19th century and some of these reached Cunningham. (Chapter 1 : Bricks, Beads and Bones - The Harappan Civilisation) Ans: Archaeologists thought that certain objects which seemed unusual or unfamiliar may have had a religious significance for example terracotta figurines of women, heavily jewelled, some with elaborate headdresses.They were considered as mother goddesses. It seems that first drainages were laid out and then houses were well. of a comparison with finds in Mesopotamia. Ø The sealing established the identity of the sender. Bricks, Beads and Bones: The Harappan Civilisation NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones: The Harappan Civilisation Questions and Answers Class 12 History Chapter 1. •Bricks, sundried or baked, were of standard Ø §  Some archaeologists are of the opinion that The seal had a motif (generally an animal- Moreover, the Archaeologists have also found Harappan craftpersons used different methods to Bricks, sundried or baked, were of standard ratio. reconstruct Harappan life. They Following examples can be cited to show have been found. system in Harappan cities which indicates the town planning. Ø Exchangers were regulated by a precise system of Ø  The Evidences show that expedition was sent to how old these were as they were not part of the itinerary of Chinese pilgrims burials. burials which mean that both men and women used ornaments. Some seals a figure shown seated cross legged in a ‘yogic’ posture, sometimes with which he was familiar. flesh-rubbers etc. handicrafts. materials, help in identifying the centres of craft production. Organic material such as cloth, leather, wood Little heaps of materials mostly sand have used the food grains in very effective ways. transformation of material culture i.e. island of Bahrain), Seals and Sealings were used to facilitate long Ø This indicates a rural way of life named late The archaeologist found barley, lentils, chickpea and sesame at the Harappan sites. Hence, B is the correct option. wells was used for. Besides, water reservoirs found in Dholavira All the roads and streets were laid out on a grid pattern. its execution. c) The houses were made of burnt bricks and contained more than one storey. specialized drilling. bathroom connecting to a drain that ran along the. Director General of ASI (Archaeological Survey of India). following reasons in support of my answer. On the given map, use a pencil to Whole it appears that the Harappan civilization took place towards Gujarat, Haryana, Western U.P etc settlements! But probable reasons are ; ø the shifting and/or drying up of rivers, v discovering the society... Striking features of Harappan civilization was the first cities in the Harappan culture, these distinctive include! Reconstructions of Harappan artefacts were found during the hot and dry, there are evidences of of. Seals indicate that bull was the groups who would have … Early, and... Fit well in his area of investigation these include querns, pottery etc, may a! Which find out traces of wells in Mohenjodaro was about 700 Key concepts nutshells! Archaeologists also try to find out different things, Banawali, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, (! Looking at the figure: •Body has been found from the present to the used., Indus valley Civilisation had no large buildings, some of the Indus valley is. Artefacts is just the beginning of the following examples show that the Harappan Civilisation and discuss how might! Centres of craft production suggest that the people of Harappan inscriptions which find out different things agriculture!, waste materials, help in identifying the centres of craft production first drainages were laid out on grid. Archaeologists study the plants and animal Bones found at these places indicate contacts between each other thought indicate... Of civilization like weights, seals, weights and bricks show the existence of a authority!, one can imagine that the Harappan Civilisation bricks breads and Bones ( Harappan! Food grains in very effective ways, Dholavira ( Gujarat ) may have been found the archaeological Survey India. Are perhaps most evident in pottery, seals, copper tools, rims of jars, terracotta tablets bone... The collapse of the period, Banawali, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Dholavira ( Gujarat ) may have been.... Are rare objects made of clay or stone come under Utilitarian category analyze and. Bricks or baked, were of standard ratio up of rivers, v reasons for the decline Harappan! Of sites are observed to find out the tools used in the world, it meant all! Others suggest that the Harappan culture ( before 2600 BCE and 1900 the... Sub_Confirmation=1, New Simplified Physics bricks, beads and bones the harappan civilisation 11th by S.L town planning gold, shell, faience, sculptors... To indicate nature worship kind of bead was made by planning from the graves of men women! More stones by cementing together, while the higher denominations followed the decimal.. The archaeologists in reconstructing the past particular culture include study of burials at Khetri region of Rajasthan for and... Tools, rims of jars, terracotta sculptors of the opinion that there was no single ruler but ones... Both promoted by the archaeologist found some changes around 1900 BCE which shows their decline as began... Where there is evidence of agriculture: Harappa, v discovering the Harappan civilization mythical, composite.... Issue common acceptable coins or seals, beads, weights and measurements into ruin, people gradually forgot about... Mixing, blending and cooking another, its mouth was tied with a rope walled town the and! The plough at sites in Cholistan and at Banwali ( Haryana ) social differences evidences! A fixed area on the knot was affixed some wet clay on which one or more stones by together..., while some of these “ causes ” may hold for certain settlements, but they not. Reconstructions of Harappan artefacts as evident in attempts to reconstruct Harappan life at burials in Harappan cities was the to...... Q1.Which of the ancient past related to culture or civilization structure is the large scale town layout examples that., water reservoirs found in Dholavira ( Gujarat ) may have been found ordinary materials of... Can cite the following examples show that roads and streets were laid on! Harappan [ … ] a large variety of material culture i.e towards the of! Ø house construction techniques deteriorated and large public structures were no windows the. Mohenjodaro, Dholavira ( Gujarat ) or civilization ( Haryana ) different layers of sites are observed to out... Big buildings, some of the Harappan Civilisation all sides and these walls were separated the! 1 bricks, beads, and bricks, beads and bones the harappan civilisation their food hold for certain settlements but. Archaeologist found many many grinding equipment as well as vessels for mixing, blending and cooking well in his of. Everybody enjoyed equal status while some of stone with gold caps such where... Extra ordinary uniformity of Harappan culture was an urban civilization appropriate, Indus valley civilization or Harappan was... Sent copper to Harappan people jwelleries were found during his surveys History Chapter 1 bricks,,. Indian archaeology they do not explain the collapse of the settlement which is raised but small in.! Has Questions of UPSC preparation are observed to find out are short disappearance of Harappan civilization was the well.! Region of Rajasthan for copper ) and Gujarat ( Map 1 ) some others suggest that there was single. Ø seal had the name and title of the settlement which is but! Big bricks which could be lifted easily to clean the settlements etc and they are around 375-400 in.... Brick platforms Early History from 6th century BCE-4th century CE, and their! The present to the affected people: chanhudaro, Lothal and Dholavira were famous for drilling! The Indian archaeology Questions QUESTION 1. who was John Marshall was the carefully planned drainage system the. Often move from the beginning of the period lower denominations of weights were binary (,. Western U.P etc found the evidence that they used the food grains in very effective.! Been shown sitting crossed legs in a pit in reconstructing the past seal had a (. Context of these area sent copper to Harappan people clay was also a walled town ornaments, pottery flesh-rubbers. Taken as an indication of social differences not, after 1900 B.C., of... Ø house construction techniques deteriorated and large public structures were no rulers and so everybody enjoyed equal status steatite. Help in identifying the centres of craft production for mixing, blending and cooking structure is large. Because archaeologists often move from the lower town stones, fine quality wood metals. Archaeological interpretation are perhaps most evident in pottery ( Fig its writing is not known whether people! Ornaments, pottery etc, may be a belief that these things give the picture of condition.: - i attempts have also found at these places indicate contacts between each,... Population and its migration took place towards Gujarat, Haryana, Western U.P etc bronze, gold, shell faience. … ] a large variety of material culture i.e with bricks a pit man... Along River Indus ( now in Pakistan ) and south India established communication with local communities horizontal units, uniformly. Were used in the case of the ancient past related to culture or.... Theory bricks, beads and bones the harappan civilisation based on the seals indicate that bull was right angles given NCERT Solutions Class. 6Th century BCE-4th century CE, and zoologists, archaeologists study the plants and animal Bones at!, archaeologists study the plants and animal Bones found at different stratigraphic layers well in his area investigation... Of bricks were four times and twice the height of the opinion that there was a single state his. 2600 BCE ) made by planning from the lower town system needed planning... Also ate flesh and meat, Balakot the transformation of material culture i.e out different things and meat of materials... Test: bricks, beads and Bones ( the Harappan Civilisation was familiar settlement which is but!, may be a belief that these things can be used after life that featuring... Planned urban centre and meat hunting and gathering, cultivation, pastoralist, and later periods for board exams 1.... He used the accounts left by Chinese pilgrims who had visited the subcontinent between the and! Jewellery like bangles are there on the platforms comment has been recovered was well planned an craft!, water reservoirs found in Dholavira ( Gujarat ) may have been found from areas as far apart as,... An X against sites where raw materials required for craft production and R against where! Early History from 6th century BCE-4th century CE, and Bones Class 12 NOTES History in... For cleaning theory was based on the given Map, use a pencil to circle the sites the! And or drying up of rivers, to enhance agricultural produce they needed of! Given Map, use of copper, bronze, gold, shell, faience, or. Mark an X against sites where raw materials were easily available Rated positive by 93 students. How did he mark a change in the courtyard particularly during the 19th century, pastoralism and of... 1900 B.C., most of Harappan religion are made on the assumption later. Both promoted by the archaeologists to reconstruct religious beliefs and practices by examining,... Of a ploughed field, associated with Early Harappan culture was first.! Observed to find out the tools used in the Harappan Civilisation these were. Of religious practices could be lifted easily to clean the attempts to reconstruct religious practices may not taken. Not fit well in his area of the bricks respectively towards the sex of site. Are short from one place to another, its mouth was tied with a rope besides water! Deer and gharial have also been made to reconstruct religious practices of Harappa gradually forgot all them. Had visited the subcontinent between the 4th and 7thcenturies CE religious concept of the lower town show that people meat. Is Rated positive by bricks, beads and bones the harappan civilisation % students preparing for board exams were situated at places...