One of the people we briefed was Jerry Hammack, the Recovery Chief, who was in charge of recovery back here on Earth. No one expected that they would have to launch right away but, just in case a problem did develop - say a leak of the high pressure helium that they would use to pressurize the propellant tanks in the Ascent Stage, they wanted to be ready. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin together explored the landscape around the lunar module for 2 hours, 31 minutes, and 40 seconds and collected 22 kilograms of rocks and soil. One was the seismometer and one was the corner reflector. Like the Surface Journal, it is intended to be a resource for all those interested in the Apollo flights to the Moon, whether in a passing or scholarly capacity. This is a Wiggle Stereo animation of a pair of images (a11-45-6697) of the fine structure of a portion of the lunar surface taken by the Apollo 11 crew with the Apollo Lunar Surface Close-up Camera designed by Cornell physicist Thomas Gold and also flown on A12, 13, and 14. They were bothered by spacecraft noises and by sunlight leaking around the edges of the window shades and in through the sextant. The NASA guys in the MOCR knew - because MIT had extensively tested the restart capability - that the mission could go forward. Aldrin did virtually all the talking; and he, too, was all business. Movement wasn't particularly tiring but because of the dramatic upward-shift in his center of mass caused by the backpack, he had to lean forward to keep his balance and it took a few minutes before he could walk comfortably. And everybody was just sort of staring at him. So what was happening during Apollo 11, as I recall, was that repeated jobs to process rendezvous radar data (that of course were not really there) were scheduled because a misconfiguration of the radar switches. Anyway, in putting together the Lunar Surface EVA Operations Planning Book for the PSAC - which was the first time anybody tried to do a detailed timeline for two EVAs - it became increasingly obvious - when you put it in light of the problems the LM was having in terms of weight and everything - that the chances of 300 plus pounds of ALSEP flying were pretty small. Two minutes after pitchover and about two minutes prior to the landing, Armstrong took action. I don't think he's ever forgiven me for doing that. There was no doubt in Armstrong's mind about landing in the boulder field. However, despite being very busy with things in the spacecraft for nearly two hours after they landed, from time to time they stole glances out the window and described the scene for the radio audience back on Earth. They were cold and damp in the suits and, of course, they were really too excited to sleep. It was hard work. There were interrupt-driven, time-dependent tasks - e.g., turn the LM Descent Engine on at the correct time - as well as priority-ordered jobs that dealt with less time-critical things. Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, commander, took this picture with a 70mm lunar surface camera. The Apollo 11 Telemetry Data Recordings: A Final Report (0.6 Mb PDF) TV and Communications Documentation Processing and Duplication of Apollo 11 Film, 25 … --July 20, Landing site: Sea of Tranquility. They hammered two, short core tubes into the soil, took about one hundred color photographs, and, finally, got themselves and the samples back into the spacecraft. If, as Cernan suggests, landing on the Moon was easier than landing on an aircraft carrier at night, one of the many advantages was the fact that the LM was equipped with what was - for the time - a sophisticated on-board computer that did much of the routine work of flying the spacecraft. He decided to follow an old maxim: "When in doubt, land long." With only rare exceptions, all of the executable code was in the Fixed memory, along with constants and other similar data. The Apollo Lunar Surface Journal is a record of the lunar surface operations conducted by the six pairs of astronauts who landed on the Moon from 1969 through 1972. Centuries ago, early lunar observers thought that the Moon had continents and oceans and that it was a possible abode of lif… Finally, Armstrong found a place that he liked and he began to kill his forward velocity and let the LM ease down toward the surface. After his lunar flight, Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz joint flight and then transferred to the Shuttle program prior to his retirement from NASA in 1977. Still, the LM was an experimental craft and the vehicle that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed was only the fourth that had ever been flown. We didn't know how nervous, but it didn't seem like a good idea to us and, by retargeting to the next site, you ended up with a post-sunrise splashdown in the Pacific. Cosmos Possible Worlds National Geographic. And, at the same time, Buzz Aldrin was trying to get to be the first guy to go out. Welcome to this 15 January 2018 release of the Apollo 10 Flight Journal, part of the Apollo Flight Journal series.. Like its companion, the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal, it is intended to be a resource for all those interested in the Apollo program, whether in a passing or scholarly capacity.. Tranquility Base (Latin: Statio Tranquillitatis) is the site on the Moon where, in July 1969, humans landed and walked on another celestial body than Earth for the first time. Aldrin joined Armstrong out on the surface about fifteen minutes later and then, for the next hour and forty minutes, the two of them examined the LM, moved the TV camera out about 50 feet, deployed a pair of scientific instruments, and collected more samples. Apollo 11 (CSM Columbia and LM Eagle) Saturn V July 16-24, 1969 Neil A. Armstrong Michael Collins Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr. 08 days, 03 hours, 18 minutes First manned lunar landing mission and lunar surface EVA. Auswahl der Landezone. And then, while he was using the LEC to get the rock boxes up to the cabin, his heart rate shot up to 160 beats per minute and Houston had to call for a short rest. Armstrong and Aldrin were standing, held in place by elastic cords attached to the flooring. Well, my position was that they were going to do that anyway and, if you didn't have something, you weren't going to get anything. (LPD) was designed for fine tuning and what Armstrong needed was a big change. e Lunar Module Eagle (LM-5) is the spacecraft that served as the crewed lunar lander of Apollo 11, which was the first mission to land humans on the Moon. And, of course, no carrier landing had ever had quite the historic overtones of Apollo 11; nor had any carrier landing ever been performed before so large an audience. The animation was produced by ALSJ contributor John Lloyd. The Apollo 11 "landing ellipse" contains dozens of craters a hundred meters across or more, and the important point is that the LM had enough maneuverability and propellant so that Armstrong could avoid even the largest of them. Coming back toward the camera for a second time, he tried a kangaroo hop but decided that it didn't give him as much fore/aft stability as he got with the loping gait. There were 36,864 15-bit words of what we called "Fixed" memory, which today would be called ROM, and 2048 words of "Erasable" memory or RAM. On the inner surface of each pane in Armstrong's window, there was a long vertical scale marked in degrees and, at right angles to it, a similar but shorter horizontal scale. "But then we took it up to the next level, late one night, to George Low and Sam Phillips, who were in town (Houston), and gave them the whole presentation. But the judgment of Bob Gilruth and George Low was 'It makes sense, so let's go to work.' From the footpad, he had only a couple of inches to step down to the surface itself. Thus, a location whose contents might be altitude-over-the-lunar-surface during the landing stage might have contained the results of a sextant sighting of a navigational star from the alignment program. After Aldrin hooked the LEC to a pulley in the cabin, Armstrong hooked one of the rock box to the LEC, backed away from the LM to make the line taut, and then pulled hand-over-hand as the box bounced its way up to Aldrin. The LM would be coming around the corner in just a moment and right on time. With so little Erasable memory available, we were forced to use the same memory address for different purposes at different times. 167:01:53 Schmitt: Yeah. Later crews would have more time to adapt and, building on the Apollo 11 experience, would do their work with greater and greater confidence. To learn more, visit the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal's Apollo 11 page. On that first orbit, the planned landing site itself was still enveloped in pre-dawn darkness and it wasn't until their fourth pass - during LM checkout (4.9 Mb movie clip, produced by Gary Neff) - that Aldrin reported seeing it from the LM windows. Indeed, during training, Armstrong had to eject from one of the LLTV's. There were still five hours to go before Houston said "Good Night" and there was still plenty to do. I mean, at that same time, some people were saying 'Well, maybe we ought to just have one guy go out on an umbilical; it's too dangerous.' Apollo 15 Flight Journal: The Remainder of the Mission . According to plan, Aldrin was to give Armstrong an "angle" every few seconds until, at an altitude of about five hundred feet, the window targeting lost its usefulness and Armstrong took over complete manual control for the final descent. Even with the computers to help, landing a LM was a tricky operation, one that required countless hours of training in indoor simulators and in an ungainly "flying bedstead" called - more formally - the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle. They raised an American Flag, deployed a solar wind collector, gathered forty-seven pounds of samples, and carried a laser reflector and the passive seismometer about twenty meters south of the LM for deployment. Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. This memory was used for intermediate computational results, rather data. However, once Aldrin had given him an initial target angle, Armstrong realized that, although the site selection team had picked a smooth patch of ground, the state of the guidance art at the time of Apollo 11 wasn't nearly as refined as it would be for the later missions, and fate and the computer were taking the LM into a field of boulders on the northeast shoulder of a crater the size of a football field. The Apollo 11 landing site was chosen primarily for safety. In celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon Landing in 2019, vlogger Jared Owen created a highly informative and brilliantly crafted 3D animation explaining how the Lunar Module was constructed. Apollo 11 | Apollo 12 | Apollo 13 | Apollo 14 | Apollo 15 | Apollo 16 | Apollo 17 ALSJ/AFJ Translations. Apollo Flight Journal, the excellent companion to the ALSJ by David Woods and the AFJ team;; Journal de la Surface Lunaire (en Français); Journal der Monderkundung (auf Deutsch); Apollo Image Gallery, quick access to high-res scans of mission photos, edited by Kipp Teague; Ein kleiner Schritt. ", "We did a dry run with the JSC management before giving it to PSAC. In his commentary on the Apollo 17 transcript, Gene Cernan says that, in his experience, landing a jet on an aircraft carrier at night is more difficult than landing the LM. With time running short, he began a hurried collection of rocks and soil and his heart rate climbed to the 120-140 beat range. And Tom liked the idea. And, very quickly, it was obvious what those were. Nowhere on the Moon are craters of that size more than a few kilometers apart and, for this first landing, the NASA flight engineers were not yet ready to fine-tune the approach trajectory to much better than about eight kilometers east or west of the target point and about two kilometers north or south. It looks very much like the pictures; but, like the difference between watching a real football game and watching it on TV, there's no substitute for actually being here." It was named after bald eagle, which was featured prominently on the mission insignia. Nonetheless, it was the smallest margin of all the Apollo landings. Pages Liked by This Page. The complete Apollo 11 Flight Plan is available in PDF format. The Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed the Lunar Module (LM) Eagle approximately 60 meters west of Little West Crater on July 20, 1969. It was a little more than that, and had been the subject of a great deal of testing before the software had been released. Apollo 11 Animationen . He was Science Director and he just couldn't control himself. The animation was produced by ALSJ contributor John Lloyd. It wasn't essential that he land the LM perfectly upright. Because of the Moon's relatively weak gravity field (one-sixth as strong as Earth's), Armstrong's total weight - half astronaut, half suit and backpack - was only about sixty pounds. Starting from near the LM, he first ran toward the TV camera, rolling from foot to foot in a loping or, as Jack Schmitt calls it, a cross-country skiing stride. Movie. There are 163 days left in the year. To learn more, visit the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal's Apollo 11 page. Another copy of... Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Similarly, if no core sets were available, the program would branch to Alarm/Abort and set Alarm 1202. There were no seats in the LM. A tilt of up to fifteen degrees would cause no particular problem with a launch. A full explanation with illustrations can be seen at the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. We haven't seen anything like this! Perhaps the most dramatic moment of Apollo 11's mission to the moon was when the Eagle began its final descent to the lunar surface and the ship's computer became overloaded. Saturday Jul 21, 2018 at 2:01 AM. HISTORY, July 21: Apollo 11 astronauts depart lunar surface . This patch was radioed up and the crew entered it manually. These two changes took care of the temperature problem; but it wasn't until Apollo 15 did anyone really get any sleep on the Moon. On Apollo 11, each time a 1201 or 1202 alarm appeared, the computer rebooted, restarted the important stuff, like steering the descent engine and running the DSKY to let the crew know what was going on, but did not restart all the erroneously-scheduled rendezvous radar jobs. The other crews would work in relative obscurity, stepping briefly into the spotlight but without leaving so lasting a public impression. Eight minutes and thirty seconds into the burn, the computer pitched the LM nearly upright and Armstrong got his first close-up view of the place to which the computer was taking them. The journal presently covers eleven human flights of the Apollo program, relating the parts of the missions not on the lunar surface. It is based on Figure 3-15 from the Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report. The Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle, in a landing configuration was photographed in lunar orbit from the Command and Service Module Columbia. That probably went into orbit. A second or two later they were down and had the engine shut off. He wouldn't hear of not flying the ALSEP. What happened next in either case was what you described as, 'The computer has been programmed to recognize this data as being of secondary importance and will ignore it while it does more important computations.' But they were close now and it was just a matter of easing themselves down. Related: Apollo 11 Apollo 11 Crew Apollo 11 Astronauts Apollo 11 Earth Apollo 11 Geological Samples Apollo 11 Flag Apollo 11 Moon Landing Tv Apollo 11 Items Left Behind . To do that, he would have to overfly the crater and land well to the west of it; and there was clearly no point - nor really much time - to give the computer enough of an update via the handcontroller. Thus, the core sets got filled up and a 1202 alarm was generated. Apollo Lunar Surface Journal The Apollo Lunar Surface Journal is a record of the lunar surface operations conducted by the six pairs of astronauts who landed on the Moon from 1969 through 1972.i The Journal is intended as a resource for anyone wanting to know what happened during the missions and why. Note, also, that, in the interest of reducing uncertainty, the fuel gauging system was improved for Apollo 12.). Down to 50,000 feet above the Moon, Apollo 11 was little different from 10. That was us. And, when that chart came up Bill (Wilmot) Hess just went ballistic! THE EAGLE HAS LANDED." First, we've already seen the Apollo 8 site, admittedly from high orbit (60 miles altitude), and we came away with some confidence that it was acceptable. Personal Blog. From Apollo 12 onward, the crews hammocks they could lie in. There were seven core sets and five VAC areas. Apollo 11 Mission Overview. Apollo 11 Summary. The most conspicuous of the Moon’s surfacefeatures—those that can be seen with the unaided eye and that make up the feature often called “the man in the Moon”—are vast splotches of darker lava flows. Armstrong, Aldrin, and Command Module Pilot Mike Collins had a flawless launch from Earth, a long, uneventful coast out to the Moon, and a nominal engine burn to put themselves into lunar orbit. Ein kleiner Schritt beim Gehen lernen. If a job required more temporary storage, the scheduling request asked for a VAC - vector accumulator - which had 44 erasable words. Scanning for a VAC area would be skipped if the scheduling request specified "NOVAC". The measured magnetic field has contributions both from the Moon's intrinsic magnetic field as well as from external sources, primarily the Earth and Sun. The Eagle Prepares to Land Ranger 9 was the last of the Ranger series of spacecraft launched in the 1960s to explore the moon and was designed to image and impact the moon's crater Alphonsus. The journal presently covers eleven human flights of the Apollo program, relating the parts of the missions not on the lunar surface. After finding and reserving a VAC area, the core sets would be scanned to find an available core set. During all but the final moments of the approach, flying the proper trajectory was a matter of analyzing navigation data from inertial and radar systems and then subtly adjusting the thrust and pointing of the LM engine. Activities for both the CSM and LM are included in the following flight plan pages. Not until after an event called pitchover - when the spacecraft rotated from 60 degrees off vertical to 20 degrees - did the astronauts' roles become more than that of monitor-and-backup. Saturn V Rocket. Just as he stepped off the Lunar Module Neil Armstrong proclaimed, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." The PSAC - the President's Scientific Advisory Committee which was chaired by Charlie Townes - asked NASA for a set of briefings that would detail how the first lunar landing mission would be conducted. And that was a mission with four 4-hour EVAs. Then as he turned and ran back toward the LM, he used the same gait again but twice changed direction by sticking a foot out to the side and pushing off of it, rather like an American football running back. Because the precise landing spot was not critical on this first mission, all that Houston needed was enough information to be sure that the spacecraft was operating properly and, through the combined use of the omni antennas and voice relays through Collins in the Command Module, adequate communications was maintained. I thought you might be interested in some more detail about the 1201 and 1202 program alarms that occurred durning the Apollo 11 lunar landing. The trajectory looked good but the "1202" message - like a later "1201" - wasn't one that the crew recognized and there were a few tense seconds until Houston radioed "We're GO on that alarm." Aldrin may have gotten two hours of fitful sleep. I think there were some memory locations that were shared seven ways. The Apollo Lunar Surface Journal is a record of the lunar surface operations conducted by the six pairs of astronauts who landed on the Moon from 1969 through 1972. In any case, if there were no VAC areas available, the program would branch to the Alarm/Abort routine and set Alarm 1201. Another copy of... Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. 24 July 1969. Generally, they walked without bounding and, compared with later crews, their movements seem fairly stiff and restricted. You can imagine the testing we had to do to ensure that the same memory location was not being used by more than one program at the same time. That bag they raised and lowered with a hook and lanyard, a humble rope that somehow managed to inherit the LEC's name. René et Lorraine Cantin coordonnent le projet de francisation du Journal. The indicator for AS11-40-5898 between the +Z and -Y strut, the plaque, is wrong, most likely it's for AS11-40-5893 More complete captions and higher resolution version of most of the photos can be accessed through the Apollo 11 Digital Picture Library. Interest. Each scheduled job has some erasable memory to use while it was executing. Apollo 11 Flight Plan These Flight Plan excerpts were scanned by Frank O'Brien. From the bottom rung of the ladder, Armstrong had to make a three-foot jump down to the footpad - a contingency against a less than gentle landing that might have compressed and shortened the landing strut. Apollo 11 Zusammenfassung Aus dem Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Background Material. I haven't. However, it wasn't until Apollo 15 that the lunar stays were long enough - and the astronauts and mission planners had confidence enough - that the crews got out of their suits during the rest periods and, with the help of earplugs to cut down on the noise, really got some sleep. "When I heard that they were going to target Apollo 10 for the Apollo 8 target site, I went to Tom Stafford and said, 'Tom, you know, this is really not the most efficient way to prepare for Apollo 11. Basically, we had six months - I think it was - to get it ready. At pitchover, Armstrong positioned himself so that the vertical scales were aligned; and Aldrin read a computer output to him that indicated just where he should look on the scale to find the computer's intended landing point. Literally billions of people listened as it happened. On Apollo 12, 15, and 16, the Lunar Surface Magnetometer was included in the ALSEP experiment package. And NASA had never done that because they were concentrating so hard on getting the spacecraft ready to fly. Titles describing these pages refer to LM activities only. You also have to remember that, long before Bill Gates, we had developed a real-time multi-tasking operating system. Essentially, it was a clothesline. At the start of the EVA, Armstrong's heart rate had been about 120 beats per minute and it had declined more or less steadily toward a low of about 80 as he took pictures at the rim of Little West Crate,east of the spacecraft. Erasable memory was used for variable data, counters, and the like. And that ended up being Tranquility Base. Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. I don't remember how much it weighed. The computer had been instructed to avoid certain spacecraft orientations which would force the antenna to look through the LM and, thereby, lose enough signal strength that the "lock" on Earth would be lost. Movie. What did Gene Cernan, the last Apollo astronaut to walk on the lunar surface, say about his experience on the first day, then the second day, of the mission? If, from a practical point of view, Apollo 11 was a demonstration flight, a point of departure for the more sophisticated missions that would follow, it was still the one for the history books. It was equipped with a big jet engine which provided enough thrust to counteract 5/6th of the pull of Earth's gravity and that big engine - firing more or less straight down - made the trainer more unstable than the LM. NASA: Apollo 11 Info (englisch) NASA: Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal (englisch) NASA: Apollo 11 Mission Report (326 und 109 Seiten, englisch) NASA: Mitschriften des Funkverkehrs (Memento vom 4. At that time the only thing NASA really had ever done in any detail was the so-called design reference mission. As planned, he had fuel enough for five more minutes of flight. APOLLO JOURNAL DER MONDERKUNDUNGEN. Slayton wanted a buddy system -two guys going out with backpacks - and I was supporting him on that and I got into a lot of arguments. Several times during the descent, the computer flashed alarms. And so I had this on my draft charts. So, when Tom and I left, we were sort of discouraged. At the end of EVA-2, after John Young and Charlie Duke completed Station 10 activities about 60m from the LM, Charlie ran back to the LM while John got into his Rover seat to prepare for the brief drive to the LM. I mean, the guy just lost it. The crew of Apollo 11: Commander Neil A. Armstrong, Command Module pilot Michael Collins, Lunar Module pilot Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. May 1, 1969. The rest period was, they said, "almost a complete loss." By the time they disappeared behind the Moon for the fourteenth time, they were suited and undocked, and just minutes away from the 30-second burn that would put the LM on the Apollo 10 descent trajectory down to 50,000 feet. 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