In stratified analysis, we found more pronounced inverse associations between dietary scores and mortality in men who smoked; however, this observation might also be a result of incomplete control of smoking intensity. 5. We confirmed that the quadratic term of the score added to the multivariable adjusted model was not significantly associated with any outcome. The infant mortality rate for U.S. in 2019 was 5.748 deaths per 1000 live births, a 1.15% decline from 2018. Maternal mortality ratio , 2008-2012*, Reported – Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Adjusted. The first list is based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) "2011 annual statistics". Both sexes combined. Regarding food intake, a standard portion size was specified for each food item and the respondents were asked to assess their usual portion size relative to the standard specified for each food item using three options (less than half, standard, and more than one and half times). In sensitivity analyses, the observed associations did not change after we excluded total deaths during the first three years of follow-up (n=1031). List of countries ranked by Death rate. The infant mortality rate is calculated over number of deaths per live birth of 1,000 infants. Regarding components of the food guide score, scores for vegetable dishes, fish and meat dishes, milk, fruits, and total energy were inversely associated with total mortality (table A, appendix 2). We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. JHU.edu Copyright © 2021 by Johns Hopkins University & Medicine. In the Multiethnic Cohort,23 the highest diet quality score, including the healthy eating index-2010 and the alternate healthy eating index-2010, was associated with 22-25% and 21-22% lower rate of total mortality in men and women, respectively. There was a significant effect in individuals with normal weight (P=0.02 for trend) but not in overweight/obese individuals (P=0.79 for trend); the difference in these subgroup effects was also significant (P=0.003 for interaction by BMI). In 2020, under-5 mortality rate for Japan was 2.3 deaths per thousand live births. The National Health and Nutrition Survey 1975-2002. Fish and meat dishes included steak, grilled and stewed beef, stir fried pork, deep fried pork, Western style stewed pork, Japanese style stewed pork, pork in soup, pork liver, ham, sausage or Wiener sausage, bacon and luncheon meats, chicken liver, grilled chicken, deep fried chicken, egg, salmon, skipjack/tuna, cod/flatfish, sea bream, horse mackerel/sardines, saury/mackerel, eel, squid, octopus, shrimp, clams, pond snails, salted fish, dried fish, dried whitebait, salted fish roe, canned tuna, fish paste products (chikuwa and kamaboko), tofu, boiled tofu, fluffy tofu, freeze dried tofu, deep fried tofu, fermented soybean (natto), and soymilk (tofu and soy products are included in this category because of their nutrient profile). Hover over the circles to see the country name and a ratio value. "The mortality rates and causes of death among elderly people aged sixty five and over were compared between China and Japan. Ethical approval: This study was approved by the institutional review board of the National Cancer Centre of Japan and the ethics committee of the National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, Japan. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. The alcoholism death rates for both sexes increased each year. Japanese people are proven to be the healthiest people in the world, as shown in numerous statistics. MORTALITY Seasonal changes in mortality rates from main causes of death in Japan (1970–1999) Shigeyuki Nakaji1, Stefano Parodi2, Vincenzo Fontana3, Takashi Umeda1, Katsuhiko Suzuki1, Juichi Sakamoto4, Shinsaku Fukuda4, Seiko Wada5 & Kazuo Sugawara1 1Department of Hygiene, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho 5, Hirosaki, Japan; 2Epidemiology and In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan jointly developed the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top in 2005 (fig 1⇓).9 This guide attempts to illustrate the balance and quantity of food in the daily Japanese diet.9 In 2009, Oba and colleagues developed a scoring system to measure the adherence to the food guide based on intake of grain dishes, vegetable dishes, fish and meat dishes, milk, and fruits, as well as the total daily energy and energy from snacks and alcoholic beverages.10. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient of the score was 0.50 in men and 0.45 in women. In stratified analyses (table B, appendix 2), we observed an inverse association between the score on the food guide for total mortality in individuals with normal weight (P<0.001 for trend) but not in overweight/obese individuals (P=0.53 for trend), and more pronounced in men who smoked (P<0.001 for trend) than in those who did not (P=0.03 for trend); the differences in these subgroup effects were also significant (P<0.001 for interaction with BMI and P=0.03 for interaction with smoking). Data were analysed stratified by sex, BMI (<25 or ≥25), smoking status (men only), and menopausal status. 2005. Both total mortality rate and cause-specific mortality rates decreased in both sexes. Design Large scale population based prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 15 years. We found a less clear association between score on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and mortality from cancer in the whole study population, corroborating results of previous studies.10 11 14 15 16 18 19 20 22 23 25 This could reflect the fact that cancer is a heterogeneous endpoint and that diet is involved in the pathogenesis of certain cancers.41 In subgroup analyses, we found a significantly decreasing trend of mortality from cancer with closer adherence to the food guide in men but not in women. During the mean follow-up time of 14.9 (SD 3.3) years, the numbers of deaths from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease were 10 183, 4187, 2560, 1342, and 1005, respectively. 13 However, in our Japanese cohort, the point estimates of mortality rates (Table 2) and adjusted HRs (Figure 2) from ischaemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases in the nephropathy group were higher than those in the macrovascular disease group (Table 2). This protective association was mainly attributable to a reduction in mortality from cerebrovascular disease. Infant mortality rate: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. Because trends vary by the cause of death, we also determined cause-specific mortality trends. The researchers note that there are some limitations to their findings. Overall, infant mortality rates have significantly decreased all over the world. Alcoholism mortality rate in Japan. The current infant mortality rate for Japan in 2021 is 1.644 deaths per 1000 live births, a 2.38% decline from 2020.; The infant mortality rate for Japan in 2020 was 1.684 deaths per 1000 live births, a 2.32% decline from 2019. Definitions and data sources Higher modified food guide scores were associated with a lower risk of total, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease mortality (table 5⇓); the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of total, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease mortality for the highest versus lowest fourth of the dietary score were 0.82 (0.77 to 0.88; P<0.001 for trend), 0.81 (0.71 to 0.93; P=0.001 for trend), and 0.77 (0.62 to 0.96; P=0.001 for trend), respectively. We used mortality data reported to the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy and national Vital Statistics data for 2008 and 2009. Objective To examine the association between adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and total and cause specific mortality. The contour map in Figure la displays this progress even for elderly males. Gram quantities were summed and used to calculate the ratio. North Dakota had the highest COVID-19 mortality rate of any other state or even any other country in the world last week, according to a shocking analysis by the Federation of American Scientists. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of total mortality for a 10 point increment in the score was 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95). The Japan Public Health Center based prospective (JPHC) study was launched in 1990 for cohort I and in 1993 for cohort II.27 The participants of cohort I included residents aged 40-59 from five Japanese public health centre areas (Iwate, Akita, Nagano, Okinawa-Chubu, and Tokyo). Natural resource depletion (% of GNI) n.a. Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) - Japan Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation ( UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division ) at childmortality.org . For cause specific mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality (particularly cerebrovascular disease mortality) was inversely associated with the food guide score; the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cardiovascular disease mortality for the lowest through highest fourth category of scores were 1.00, 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07), 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97), and 0.84 (0.73 to 0.96) (P=0.005 for trend). We found that a higher score on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top was associated with a lower rate of total mortality over 15 years of follow-up in both men and women. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. The diagonal lines on the chart below correspond to different case fatality ratios (the number of deaths divided by the number of confirmed cases). The food guide comprises five categories of dish: grain dishes (including rice, bread, and noodles), vegetable dishes (including vegetables, mushrooms, potatoes, and seaweed), fish and meat dishes (including meat, fish, eggs, and soybeans, milk (milk and milk products), and fruits (fruit and 100% fruit juice) (fig 1⇑).9 Soybeans are included in category of fish and meat dishes on the basis of nutrient profile (high protein). We created a score for adherence to a Japanese food guide, with a higher score indicating closer adherence and thus better diet. The Japanese Government banned numerous of vaccines including MMR, despite of Big Pharma opposition. Of the participants in the analytic cohort, 43 676 (19 778 men and 23 898 women) participated in the 10 year follow-up survey (that is, the third survey) and completed the food frequency questionnaire. Furthermore, the maternal mortality rate, which was 8.8 in 1992 and 4.0 per 100 000 births in 2012, respectively,1 has decreased by half over the past two decades. Main outcome measures Deaths and causes of death identified with the residential registry and death certificates. They found a 6.9% mortality rate among patients who underwent surgeries on surgeons’ birthdays, compared with a 5.6% rate among those whose underwent procedures on other days. In the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (n=61 239) and the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (n=73 216), the highest fourth of the Chinese Food Pagoda score was associated with a 33% and 13% lower rate of total mortality in men and women, respectively, compared with the lowest fourth.19 In the Iowa Women’s Health Study18 and the Whitehall II cohort,22 the highest category of the alternate healthy eating index, which includes components similar to those of the Japanese food guide, predicted 18% and 25% lower rate of total mortality, respectively. More troublingly, the United States is a place where having a baby means risking your own life, as our Maternal Mortality Rate is the highest in the developed world.. Ramen Restaurant Prevalence Is Associated With Stroke Mortality in Japan: An Ecological Study Nutr J. We use the CDC, NIH and individual state and county databases for verification and supplementation for USA data. Maternal mortality declined by 38 per cent between 2000 and 2017 Maternal mortality refers to deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth. We are indebted to the Aomori, Iwate, Ibaraki, Niigata, Osaka, Kochi, Nagasaki, and Okinawa Cancer Registries for providing their incidence data. Copyright © 2021 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd     京ICP备15042040号-3, , director of Research Centre for Cancer Prevention and Screening, Japan Public Health Center based Prospective Study Group, [Standard tables of food composition in Japan]. A recent study, published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, could perhaps explain this paradox. OUR DATA: We use the most recent data from these primary sources: WHO, World Bank, UNESCO, CIA and individual country databases for global health and causes of death. We observed relatively large attenuation in associations with the food guide score (≥20%) after additional adjustment for the fruit score (29.3%) and vegetable dishes score (29.2%) for total mortality, fruit score (23.5%), and vegetable dishes score (20.6%) for cardiovascular disease mortality, and fish and meat dishes score (23.0%) and fruit score (22.8%) for cerebrovascular disease mortality (data not shown in table). There was also significant evidence of a difference in effects between normal and overweight/obese groups. Given that higher intake of vegetables and fruits has been associated with a lower risk of mortality,35 the previous study10 might have underestimated this association. This website is a resource to help advance the understanding of the virus, inform the public, and brief policymakers in order to guide a response, improve care, and save lives. For the twenty countries currently most affected by COVID-19 worldwide, the bars in the chart below show the number of deaths either per 100 confirmed cases (observed case-fatality ratio) or per 100,000 population (this represents a country’s general population, with both confirmed cases and healthy people). Compared with men, we observed decreasing trends even in the older populations (75–84 and ≥85 years) in women. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. We calculated standardized mortality ratios and compared the mortality rates for each category of infectious disease. These associations appeared to be linear (fig C and E, appendix 1). This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the probability of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. The linear trend was computed by treating exposure as a continuous variable. In contrast, we assigned the highest score (10 points) to individuals who consumed more than the recommended amounts of vegetable dishes or fruits. Fruits included papaya, mandarin oranges, other oranges, apples, persimmons, strawberries, grapes, melons, watermelon, peaches, pears, kiwifruit, pineapple, bananas, 100% orange juice, and 100% apple juice. To estimate the impact of each component of the score on the association between the total dietary score and mortality, we calculated the proportion of hazard ratio attenuation in the highest fourth with the following formula: (hazard ratio adjusted for all covariates plus each dish score−hazard ratio adjusted for all covariates [not including dish score])/(1−hazard ratio adjusted for all covariates [not including dish score])×100. It certainly isn’t true that Japan’s infant mortality rate started to drop following a ban on mandatory vaccinations. Causes of deaths were confirmed through death certificates (with permission) and were defined according to ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision).33 The major endpoint of the present study was mortality from all causes, cancer (ICD-10 codes C00 to C97), cardiovascular disease (I00 to I99), heart disease (I20 to I52), and cerebrovascular disease (I60 to I69). If you are unable to import citations, please contact Please note: your email address is provided to the journal, which may use this information for marketing purposes. The current population of Japan in 2021 is 126,050,804, a 0.34% decline from 2020.; The population of Japan in 2020 was 126,476,461, a 0.3% decline from 2019.; The population of Japan in 2019 was 126,860,301, a 0.27% decline from 2018. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. South Dakota ranked third-worst in the world. Recommended amount of servings by dish category, total energy, and energy from snacks and alcoholic beverages in Japanese food guide. KK and TM are guarantors. We do not capture any email address. Discussion and Conclusion This is the first time to detect excess mortality since the outbreak of COVID-19 had emerged in Japan. Because the questionnaire that was used for the five year follow-up survey (that is, the second survey) provided more comprehensive information about food intake than the questionnaire that was used for the baseline survey, we used the second survey data as the baseline data for this analysis. Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene services (per 100,000 population) n.a. This page in: ... Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) Our findings suggest that balanced consumption of energy, grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, eggs, soy products, dairy products, confectionaries, and alcoholic beverages can contribute to longevity by decreasing the risk of death, predominantly from cardiovascular disease, in the Japanese population. This could be due to chance, especially as there was no significant evidence of a difference between men and women. Under-5 mortality rate of Japan fell gradually from 16.44 deaths per thousand live births in 1971 to 2.3 deaths per thousand live births in 2020. Of 92 137 participants, we excluded 6215 who reported consumption in the upper 1% of sex specific intakes of each category (grain dishes, vegetable dishes, fish and meat dishes, milk, fruits, as well as energy from snacks and alcohol) or in either the upper or lower 1% of sex specific energy intake. When this calculation produced a negative score because of excess servings or energy, the score was converted to 0. Ultimately, 79 594 participants (36 624 men and 42 970 women) remained for the present analysis. 5. Intermediate intakes were scored proportionately between 0 and 10. Learn how the World Bank Group is helping countries with COVID-19 (coronavirus). The data used for comparison was China's 1990 and Japan's 1990 vital statistics. The mortality rate in Japan declined steadily from the end of the 19th century until World War 11. All group scores were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (the lowest adherence) to 70 (the highest adherence). Russia’s mortality rate grew by 13.8% during the first eleven months of this year compared to the same period in 2019, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golilkova said on Monday. We followed up the participants’ residency and vital status from the second survey to 31 December 2012 using the residential registry. No patients were involved in setting the research question or the outcome measures, nor were they involved in the design and implementation of the study. We conducted multiple sensitivity analyses by excluding individuals with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or dyslipidaemia and those who died during the first three years of follow-up. Japan’s infant mortality rate has been dropping, but then so has the infant mortality rate in almost all other countries, including the United States, which is at record low levels. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. If individuals consumed the recommended amount of servings from any of the five categories or the recommended total energy or energy from snacks and alcoholic beverages, 10 points were given for that group. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, higher food guide scores were found to be associated with lower total mortality; multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of total mortality for the lowest through highest fourth scores were 1.00, 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97), 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93), and 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91) (P<0.001 for trend; table 4⇓). One concern is that the score on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top does not consider the quality of fat, which might have a primary impact on risk of cardiovascular disease, as indicated by a recent randomised controlled trial.26 Fish, the major (92%) component of category of white meat in the present study population, is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas red meat, including beef and pork, contains saturated fatty acids.43 We developed a modified score by adding the score for the ratio of intake of white to red meat but found no measurable difference in the association between the two scores. An ideal score of 10 was given for ratios ≥4:1,8 whereas a score of 0 was given for a ratio of 0. In addition, to visually inspect possible non-linear associations, we used restricted cubic spline with five knots placed at the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th centiles of the food guide score. Right after the war major prograss was observed for ages from 5 to 40 years. These studies showed an association between adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and the Chinese Food Pagoda and lower risk of mortality in each of the respective populations.10 19 As the Japanese study was conducted in a single city,10 the results obtained might not be generalisable to the entire Japanese population. Additionally, several dietary scoring systems have been developed for the assessment of fish and meat separately or the quality of fat,6 which are potentially important for prevention of cardiovascular disease.26 The Japanese food guide score, however, does not distinguish between fish and meat.10 The incorporation of such a component into the original score could improve its prediction of mortality. The alcoholism death rates were closely related to the levels of alcohol consumption. Death rate: 10.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Crude mortality rate refers to the number of deaths over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period. Ethics of Digital Contact Tracing: Principles, Report Series: Primer on COVID-19 Vaccine. Many translated example sentences containing "mortality rate" – Japanese-English dictionary and search engine for Japanese translations. 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