CBS beat a joint bid from Australian media moguls Lachlan Murdoch and Bruce Gordon, which prompted the Government to reform existing media ownership laws by way of the Broadcasting Legislation Amendment (Broadcasting Reform) Act 2017 (Cth) (Broadcast Reform Amendments), which repealed key cross-media ownership limitations (discussed in question 5.3 below). However as this essay has demonstrated, policy change cannot just cater to economic efficiency considerations. Web. Current legislation is thus falling increasingly out of step as technology is developing at a faster rate than the applicable policy debate (Goldsmith, Cunningham, and Thomas, 16). Even government reports had predicted ‘that the rules would lead to consolidation’ (Pusey and McCutcheon 26), and then Prime Minister John Howard believed it was ‘economically unviable for there to be large numbers of media players’ because of the relatively small Australian population (Warren 274). The Federal Government's bill to change media ownership and regulation has passed the Senate 31 votes to 27. Web. The lifting of ownership rules that were designed to stop such groups dominating with relatively free reign across different sectors has led to greater concentration of media ownership in Australia (Pusey and McCutcheon 23). 4th ed. The last changes to Australian media ownership laws occurred in 2007, and this essay will argue that because these changes were motivated by economic interests, they largely displaced the wider public interest objectives necessary for a healthy democratic society. The opposing sides are not coming from similar frameworks, and thus their goals are widely disparate. (Cth). The pro-regulation groups can be broadly summarised as coming from a social policy position that aims to uphold the ideals of democracy as being in the public interest (Papandrea 304). The following section outlines the significant effects brought about by the rule changes. A summary of the changed rules applicable to ownership are: the lifting of all ‘media-specific foreign ownership restrictions’; the Cross-media ownership ‘two-out-of-three rule’ allowing one proprietor to control two of three main media in a local area; the introduction of a new minimum number of media groups ‘five/four media groups rule’ aimed at disallowing cross-media mergers that would ‘result in less than five media groups controlling the commercial television licences, commercial radio licences and newspaper(s) in a metropolitan area or four groups in a non-metropolitan area’; and the ‘reach’ rule to prevent a single owner from controlling commercial television licences  that have a reach of more than seventy-five per cent of the Australian population (Given, “Media Ownership in Australia” 5-6). Web. Particular focus is given to rural and regional sectors of Australia as these were the areas predicted to suffer the most significant effects due to consolidation. 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