Youre going to Turkey? II went to engineering school there, Mahmouds father said. A few hours later, they watched from the promenade as tugboats pushed the MS St. Louis away from the dock, and passengers threw confetti and celebrated and blew tearful kisses good-bye. (LogOut/ of them belching gray-black diesel engine smoke. The family decides to trust it once again and the old man drives them to the dock. Some of them wore regular clothes: white shirts with the sleeves rolled up, gray slacks, brown wool caps, leather work boots. I thought Id never see you again! It was. The Simpsons! Im going to open my own law office, Seora Castillo said. A pistol rang out again over the waves, and the crowd on the beach cried out in panic. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Here, Mahmoud emphasizes that being invisible serves as a form of protection for him: the less he is noticed, the less likely it is for him to be attacked. Isabels narrative is eerily similar to that of many Cubans under the dictatorship of Fidel Castro. The US has spent 7 trillion dollars (!) Oh, thank God youre alive! their mom said. on her iPhone. LitCharts Teacher Editions. They were all quiet a moment more, until her father said, But I dont even have a boat. Isabel nodded. No one is coming to help us. We have to get out! Mr. and Mrs. Sarraf hurried back into their apartment, and Mahmoud carried Hana down the stairs, pulling Waleed behind them. Josef's journey. Izzit a good mouser? Yes! Isabel said, though she was sure that even a mouse would give the scrawny thing trouble. My father just got out of a concentration camp. The blood drained from Josefs face. Well let you in maana. Youssef Bishara Mahmoud, Waleed, and Hana 's father, and Fatima 's husband. But by then it will be too late. Mahmoud remembered the horror hed felt when his apartment building collapsed and hed thought his mom was still inside. Meant to lure us out. That soundit was like someone had kicked the front door in. And together well find her, yes? I want to be able to choose who I vote for, Luis said. Mom! Come on, Evielets do the bathrooms on A-deck! The girls tore away, and Josef huffed. Josef! But right then, Khalid had been curled into a ball on the ground, his hands around his head while the older boys kicked him. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. He was thinner too. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Isabel turned, holding a hand up in front of her eyes and expecting to see a police searchlight shining on her. Teachers and parents! He had to get up. But if he looked right at them, they would More ships full of refugees? He didnt even leave to go to the bathroom. The policemans eyes flashed from anger to surprise, and then back to anger. Tomorrow. He kicked and flailed in a panic, but one of the shadows caught his ankle and dragged him face-first across his bed. A whistle blew. Asked by Bishara. But he knew better. Instead, Herr Meier lowered a screen with the faces and profiles of Jewish men and women on it and proceeded to use Josef as an example of how to tell a real German from a Jew. Luis didnt have time to answer. He realizes that even being observed is an invitation to danger, and therefore. And a place where her father wouldnt be beaten or arrested. It took only two tries to get the scrawny calico kitten to come out from under the pink cinder- block house and eat from Isabel Fernandezs hand. Can you tell us what made you decide to leave? Quickly! Seor Castillo called from the other side of the boat. No, no, her mother said. Apparently, they were all coming along for the ride. Mahmoud is a twelve-year-old boy "with a long, strong nose, thick black eyebrows, and short-cropped black hair" (12). When another dinghy passes by that doesnt have space for his family, he offers up Hana to them in order to ensure that she can survive. The Adventure A former teacher, doctor, rescue worker, and media activist relate their experiences of love, death, and survival from a besieged Syrian suburb. After the June 2005 election of hard-liner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as Iran's president, however, the situation deteriorated. Josef was about to leave when he thought to buy Ruthie a piece of candy. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. No, we Isabel! Ivn, nail. Ivn handed him another nail. He dragged Waleed with him toward the front door, but Waleed pulled back. Aaron Landau is a well-known actor. My father was almost arrested, Isabel said. The path was crammed full of Syrians, all strolling along like they had nothing else to do and nowhere else to go. They fail, but they are not sent back to Germany. Were refugees! Mahmoud yelled, unable to stay silent any longer. Everything they owned was in these two backpacks. His uncle had worn a tuxedo and his bride had worn a dress of sparkling jewels and a tiara, and they had been escorted by a dozen cars to a party where Mahmoud had eaten a piece of the delicious seven-tiered cake and danced with his mother to a real band. The people on board try to push them off, afraid they will capsize the fragile boat. No ambulances came to help the wounded. When another raft made out of an old refrigerator sank, everyone laughed. he has been saying for the past week: the boat will come tomorrow. Mahmoud's . Mahmoud realizes he is finally home. He decides that it is better to be visible because even though bad people can hurt you, good people can finally help you. When she took Luiss hand, Isabel guessed she was his girlfriend. Mahmoud jumped when it fell, but Waleed stood still, like this kind of thing happened every day. Until now. Mahmoud has already had much experience dealing with the trauma of war, as the Syrian Civil War has already been raging for four years at the beginning of Mahmouds story. No. Money had been tight since their father lost his job, and she would enjoy the treat. Renata and None of them were. Hundreds. They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do, Mahmoud realized. The kittens nose sniffed eagerly at the air, and it meowed. Each one came up to Isabels chest. It was easier to stay invisible that way. Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. One issue she experiences, however, is that she is unable to count a Cuban rhythm called clave, which she thinks is supposed to come naturally to Cubans. She wanted to stay in Germany, Evelyne said. More of them wore the brown shirts and red swastika armbands of the Sturmabteilung, Adolf Hitlers storm troopers. Josefs mother and father were there too, lying on the floor at the feet of the Brownshirts. Mahmoud clutched Hana with one arm and took his brothers hand. All the cows and pigs and sheep had been slaughtered and eaten. Mahmoud screamed and dropped to the floor as broken glass sprayed him. Even Castro stopped talking, and the TV went back to showing the baseball game. His two siblings, Waleed who is is ten . One of the soldiers in the backseat snatched up Moms iPhone and looked at the route. When Syria rioted, their leader Bashar al-Assad turned against his own people and has warred against them ever since. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Youll just be our little secret, Isabel whispered. The only sound was the soft crack of a bat and the roar of the crowd on the television. Hush now. They cowered together on the floor as the shadows picked up Ruths bed and threw it against Waleed was ten years old and two grades below Mahmoud in school. "Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and that's exactly how he wanted it. She never did make much. No police cars or emergency crews hurried to the scene. A telegram from Papa! They were deserters, and deserters were shot. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. They had played shuffleboard and badminton, and the crew was putting up a swimming pool, which they promised to fill with seawater once the St. Louis hit the warm Gulf Stream. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Beyond the next door was the German part of the train. bomb, though, you needed walls. Take me back. Ruthie clung to her brother. If you were invisible, the bad people couldnt hurt you, that was true. Record what books your kids are reading. Mom! Mahmoud yelled. Give us the whole sum of money! Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Isabel fell into the water and swam the rest of the way to the boat, but her father was already climbing over the side. She got a hand to the side of the boat and looked back. First, Josef said, we need some soap. Once they had found a bar, Josef showed them how to soap up a door handle so that it was so slick it was impossible to turn. Well all go! Isabel cried. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Lito shook his head. The Jewish people on the ship were seeking asylum, just like us. Izzat so? This is all a misunderstanding, Papa said. Tears sprang to Josefs eyes. Josefs breath caught in his throat and Ruthie cried out and buried her face in Josefs stomach as their papa pulled the two of them into a hug. The fear hed felt when they couldnt reach his father. I need your help in the shed. Ivn climbed to his feet. Mahmoud's brother. Shes a baby. They get people into the EU. The EU, Mahmoud knew, was the European Union. There! They pluck Mahmoud and, Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece 2015, 12 days from home (3). LitCharts Teacher Editions. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. No one had voted or named him captain, but he had built the boat, after all, and he was the one at the rudder, steering it, so that put him in charge. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Mahmoud watched as these two boys attacked the boy with the bread, a boy he didnt even know. It will be expensive, but we can pay. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner! the adults answered back, as though theyd heard that one many times before too. Isabel stood for what seemed like hours, her insides churning like a waterspout. Banned from movie theaters in Germany because she was a Jew, Ruthie had seen her first cartoon on board during movie night and loved iteven if it was followed by a newsreel with Hitler yelling about Jews. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Fatima Bishara appears in. Who is the main character in the book Refugee? Trauma and growing up: The novel highlights the cruelty of having to become an adult. Sometimes it was the back alleys; there could be fighters in the streets, who were always targets for the opposition. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. He couldnt breathe. They didnt call it that then. This gains a large amount of media attention, and Austrians greet them at the border with food, water, and medicine. Mahmoud stared up at their building. Then, Fatima emerges from the bedroom with, Mahmoud: Just Outside Aleppo, Syria 2015, 1 day from home, soldiers is hit and killed. The way the content is organized, One of the three protagonists of the book, alongside. Mahmoud Bishara, 12, lives in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015. As Mahmoud and his mother let go, Fatima realizes that she has given her baby away and becomes inconsolable. Rachel Landau is a well-known actress. There wasnt another ship on the horizon as far as he could see. Something in the darkness outside his room moved with a grunt and a scuffle. It fluttered to the floor, the Star of David landing face up for all the world to see. But for Mahmoud, the scene brought back memories of another time, just after the war had begun. It felt like ages since hed been inside a synagogue. Like this? Ruth woke up and screamed. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. The Nazis had taken all this from them, from him, and now he and the passengers on the ship were taking it back. Josef couldnt think of any Jewish people he knew who did look like those pictures. The air was full of dust, and it scratched and tore at his throat as it went down, but Mahmoud had never tasted anything so sweet. A shabby-looking man stumbled out from behind the crates and luggage piled up on the dock, and Ruthie screamed. We sent them back to Europe and Hitler and the Holocaust. Ill get another one in the States, she said. Without their parents on the ship, they had skipped synagogue to play. Mahmoud, wheres your mother? Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. By train? Left with no other choice, the family embarks and rides through the pouring rain headed for Greece. The soldier with the iPhone scrolled up the map to see their destination. A jagged line of real bullet holes bisected Assads face. The trick was to be invisible. It doesnt matter, he said. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. What choice do we have? Isabel and her family decide to flee Cuba on a handmade raft to escape a food scarcity and political persecution. Shed never known any other life except this one. It all came flooding back to him nowswaying and humming along with the prayers, craning his neck to see the Torah when it was taken out of the ark and hoping to get a chance to touch it and then kiss his fingers as the scroll came around in a procession. Instant PDF downloads. We werent together when it started, her grandfather said. The captain himself has arranged it, Mama said. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. To safety. Along with Isabel and Mahmoud, he is one of the books three protagonists. And what is your name, pretty one? Lito asked her. She recognized the new policeman. Mahmoud barely had time to yell Run! and drag Waleed and his sister away before the whole building came crashing down into the street, thundering like a jet fighter. The Free Syria Army and al-Qaeda are fighting there now. The door next to Mahmoud opened, and one of the soldiers nudged him up from the floor and into the back with Waleed. He only manages to survive by staying off everyone's radar. The two older boys became Mahmouds and Khalids own personal bullies, delivering repeated beatdowns between classes and after school. He stood on Josefs armband, his eyes wide with surprise. It wasnt my mother and father, and you, Lito. But nobody was going to eat this cat. Wouldnt want to be him for all the sugar in Cuba. Josef backed away. Back in Syria, it was a tradition to be escorted to your wedding by a parade of cars, to help carry you into your new life. It was hungry Cubans. Castro rambled on without a script, quoting novels and telling personal anecdotes about the Revolution. As her mother liked to say, Isabel could play the storm clouds from the sky. The police were being summoned elsewhere. Instant PDF downloads. the place feels mournful, as many people here lost someone in the crossing from Turkey. Porter? Josef stood in wonder as another sailora German man without a Star of David armband, a man who wasnt a Jewput a suitcase under each arm and one in each hand and led them up the gangway. If he was caught again by the police, hed be sent back to prisonand this time they might not let him out. His teeth looked too big for his head, and when he smiled he looked like a cartoon squirrel. The car skids to a stop, and Youssef, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 4 days from home. That is when incidents like this occur, and the world calls the Cuban government cruel and inhumane. Isabel opened her eyes and lowered the trumpet from her lips. Each floor had a living room and a kitchen just like theirs, all decorated differently. Josef, his mother, and Ruthie stopped short just inside the first-class social hall. I just have to grab a few things. Mom, no! Go, she told Mahmoud, pushing them all toward the door. Disappear. The soldiers throw tear gas and take the refugees into custody,loading the subdued refugees up in trucks and driving them to a detention facility almost all the way to Austria. Khalid was clever. Mahmoud sat in the middle row of desks in his classroom, where the teacher wouldnt call on him. After his family is. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Maybe becoming a man means not relying on your father anymore. I saw on the TV theyre accepting refugees. Mahmoud had been going to meet his best friend, Khalid. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs He struggled in the mens arms, trying to break free. They called it Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass. Josef had been a fool, and now he and his family were going to pay the price. She was almost to Papis outstretched arms when she saw her fathers eyes go wide. Josefs father threw himself past the sailor and stumbled into the ramps railing before righting himself and sprinting up the gangway. Mahmoud and his family had fallen into step with them and disappeared among their ranks. One such scholar is Mahmoud Mamdani who, although he shares many of Rouhana's concerns, makes a useful comparison between the Native American and Palestinian situations. Isabel was worried the Castillos were going to get caught. He quickly called over two of the stewards, and soon they had the portrait down and were taking it from the room. In the second it took for the sound to grow from a breeze to a tornado, Mahmoud dropped his pencil, put his hands to his ears, and threw himself under the kitchen table. It will be an adventure. (Al-Assad took military action against the rebel Syrians and the war continues to this day, although now in a much more confusing form. We have to get out of here! Across the hall, the Sarraf family filled the corridormother, father, and twin daughters, both younger than Waleed. No, no, no, Lito said. Hurry! Papa said. One group is handing out diapers. He fanned his face. Not until we reach Cuba. I dont want to go to Cuba, Ruth whined as the train got under way. Mahmoud is a Muslim boy in Aleppo, Syria in 2015, and his family has no other choice but to leave Syria when their entire apartment building is destroyed by a missile. Mahmoud pulled himself up out of the rubble and saw the building across the street in raw daylight, like he was standing in midair beside it. People rushed out of the side streets. It was better not to have friends in Syria in 2015. (including. Thankyouthankyouthankyou. The Hitler Youth breathed hard, his face red like he was the one in trouble. Underneath this painting were the words, FIGHT AGAINST THE IMPOSSIBLE AND WIN. Aaron Landaus eyes bulged from his gaunt face as he turned to look at his children. Isabel caught up with her father and grandfather, then parted ways with them on the Malecn, the broad road that curved along the seawall on Havana Harbor. And we dont need a fugitive on board. Ivn looked at him funny, but only Isabel saw it. The residence of her family. The boy thrust the armband at Josefs chest. The afternoon adhan from a nearby mosque echoed through the bombed-out streets of Aleppo, the melodious, ethereal voice of the muadhdhin praising Allah and calling everyone to prayer. Eventually, Mahmoud and his family make it safely to Germany and are taken in by a host family, the elderly Saul Rosenberg and his wife, RuthieJosefs little sister, who survived the Holocaust decades prior thanks to Josefs self-sacrifice. From that day forward, Mahmoud and Khalid were marked. There was a shattering sound in the next roomcrisssh! But now? Of course, Captain Schroeder said. Luis didnt have to say anything. But before Mami had reached the set, Castro said something that made them all sit up and listen. The boys pissed himself! The Nazis laughed, and Josefs face burned hot with shame. Well, Fidel is thickheaded, Luis said. Many guns and artillery. What do Mahmouds family keep hearing from the boat smugglers? Khalid (17) IWB does part of the story take place in 1939? She says that she thought, Frau Rosenburg explains that she was a refugee, too, and shows, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The family drives away, but soon run into some rebel soldiers. Still cant hear it, Chabela? Lito asked. Josef felt the heat of that embarrassment all over again, the humiliation of being talked about like he was an animal. Mahmoud Bishara-Refugee Mahmoud Bishara, Age 12, Aleppo, Syria Lauryn V, Copyright 2022 April 21, 2022 In the book Refugee by, Alan Gratz their were three characters, Mahmoud, Isabell , and Josef. A black shoe covered the armband before Josef could grab it. They had been drafted into the police, and they werent allowed to leave. It was an ugly blue thing cobbled together out of old metal advertisements and road signs and oil drums. Twelve-year-old Mahmoud Bishara is used to being invisibleit is how he survives. Assuming we stop to sleep every night, thats a nineteen-day walk. Hed be calling for the police. Mahmoud, Waleed, Youssef, and Fatima reside at a Munich school for four weeks until a host family offers to let them share their house with them. The people chose not to see them. tatatat!and bullets pinged into the car. Mahmoud and Waleed went tumbling, and the soldier in the back rolled on top of them. Their room was spotless, the bed linens were freshly laundered, and the hand towels were pressed and neatly stacked. The differences between Sunnis and Shiites was an excuse. He bowed and praised Allah again three times, stood and praised Allah again, then got down on his hands and knees and put his head to the floor, praising Allah three times more. Some of these soldiers wore camouflage pants and shirts, but others wore Adidas jerseys and leather jackets and track pants. It was Waleed who spoke up. With his fathers mental health deteriorating quicker, Josef threatens him to ensure that he can pass the medical inspection to get into Cuba, reversing their roles as father and son. Random death from a fighter jets missile or a soldiers rocket launcher might come at any moment, when you least expected it. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Too many. Mahmouds arc examines the benefits and drawbacks of being invisible. Maybe hed just been having a nightmare. Mahmoud didnt like the sound of that, eitherto him, smuggler meant illegal, and illegal meant dangerous. Isabel was listening for the clave underneath the music, the mysterious hidden beat inside Mahmoud Bishara (12) In what year did the Arab Spring come to Syria? Always quick to raise his hand in class, and always with the right answer. Hated him because of everything hed done to the Jews, but mostly because of what Hitler had done to his father. Josef stood and stared. There had been rationing and food coupon books back when Isabel was little. Two. She finally had a signal, and got Google Maps to open on her iPhone. 5.6 million refugees have left their home and 6.6 million more have been internally displaced within Syria.) Mahmoud then makes a quick decision, asking them to take, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (2), Fatima continues to sob at having given away, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3), and Waleed. Refugee (Alan Gratz) What are Mahmoud Bishara's character traits? The reaction in Munich is the same as it is in Austria. Shia should know their place! Bombed-out buildings were good too. What religion does Josef follow? Mahmoud hoped so, at least. But they had never told Isabel and her family. Isabel also deals with a fair share of trauma that expedites this maturity: two years prior, her grandmother Lita drowned during a cyclone in Havana, and on this boat trip Isabels best friend, Ivn, is killed in the water by sharks. A roar like a hot wind rising outside. But they werent in Cuba anymore, were they? to accommodate the crowd. Im hot, Ruthie said, pulling at her coat. Being invisible was how he survived. Mahmoud bishara lives in Aleppo, Syria in the year 2015. Mahmoud Bishara. Josef just turned thirteen! Ruthie told the girls. It had fallen five stories to the ground below, along with the outside wall. Fatima notices an infant dead on the beach, but it isnt, Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece 2015, 12 days from home (3), in the crossing from Turkey. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. As he watched them sleep, Josef wondered if anyone would really be able to tell they were Jews if they werent in a Jewish compartment, wearing armbands with the Star of David on them. She was born the year Adolf Hitler was elected chancellor of Germanu in 1933. Mahmouds father gives the man what he asked for and hurries the family away. Josef wished they could stay on board the St. Louis forever. Mahmoud Bishara is a 12 year old boy who lived in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. He rolled out two matsone for him and the other for Waleed. This article discusses what its like to live in Syria during a conflict. Oh, and I also need you to help me carry these back. -Graham S. The president and prime minister of Cuba during the period of, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Disappear. However, Waleed, unable to cope, has just turned into a robot, numb to the pain around him. Khalid never answered another question in class, not even when the teacher called on him directly. Being invisible was how he survived. Josef took a hard candy from a jar and fished in his pocket for another pfennig. Why not? Isabel said. Its French, and old, and plays like a dream. The fisherman sighed. (LogOut/ Newspapers Review: Dailies highlight PM's meeting with Israelis, Abbas speech. When they reach the shore, Youssef kisses the ground and says thanks to Allah. Thank you. We will buy tickets as we go. Seor Castillo was trying to get the motor started. We didnt want to leave our homes! another man yelled. refugee_-_alan_gratz was published by Mrs. Wilson on 2020-03-22. The vacationers dropped their voices, and even though Mahmoud couldnt understand what they were saying, he could hear the disgust in their words.