It resembles the Yankee flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." They resemble too closely the dishonored 'Flag of Yankee Doodle' we imagine that the 'Battle Flag' will become the Southern Flag by popular acclaim." Hundreds of proposed national flag designs were submitted to the Confederate Congress during competitions to find a First National flag (FebruaryMay 1861) and Second National flag (April 1862; April 1863). The Stars and Bars, which the Confederate Congress had adopted in March 1861 because it resembled the once-beloved Stars and Stripes, proved impractical and even dangerous on the battlefield because of that resemblance. Confederate generals P.G.T. The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the "STARS AND BARS", was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. The identification stuck, and the flags use proliferated. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? Thompson stated in April 1863 that he disliked the adopted flag "on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting."[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The flags of the Confederate States of America have a history of three successive designs from 1861 to 1865. [18] He turned to his aide, who happened to be William Porcher Miles, the former chairman of the Confederate Congress's Committee on the Flag and Seal. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and the "Blood-Stained Banner", used in 1865 shortly before the Confederacy's dissolution. [ 1] The Stars and Bars flag was adopted March 4, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama and raised over the dome of . After the war, this design was adopted as the official flag of the United Confederate Veterans and today most people refer to as The Confederate Flag. That changed in 1948 with the Dixiecrats, or States Rights Democratic Party, a racist, pro-segregation splinterparty formed by Southern Democrats. Over the course of the flag's use by the CSA, additional stars were added to the canton, eventually bringing the total number to thirteen-a reflection of the Confederacy's claims of having admitted the border states of Kentucky and Missouri, where slavery was still widely practiced. And both South Carolina and Alabama began flying it over their capitols. Reviews on Bars With Darts in Brea, CA - Shady Nook, Squire's, The Blue Door Bar, Juke Joint Bar, The Bruery, A&C Billiards and Barstools, Brian's Original Sports Bar, Group Therapy Pub, Shotz Bar & Kitchen, Bigs NOTE: The 4"x6" size is mounted to a 10" staff with a spear top. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. Four flags with nine stars (eight around a center star) emanated from Louisiana but two also were made in Mississippi in the same style. This new flag spread quickly in use across the South, even beyond the borders of the seven States of the CSA. Since it is known that Hayden & Whilden from Charleston provided eleven star unit flags for the Confederate Quartermasters Department, the number of eleven star flags made in this region undoubtedly was even larger. James B. Walton submitted a battle flag design essentially identical to Miles' except with an upright Saint George's cross, but Beauregard chose the diagonal cross design.[41]. Over the years the flag was changed by adding and . [53] The "rebel flag" is considered by some to be a highly divisive and polarizing symbol in the United States. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) and the later Sons of Confederate Veterans, (S.C.V. by the flag committee on March 4,1861. In addition to the 112 1st national flags from states east of the Mississippi, a number of Confederate 1st national flags from the trans-Mississippi region have also been surveyed. The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it sharply fom the Stars and Stripes of the Union. Such flags had been part of United States Army Regulations since 1835. Its continued use by the Southern Army's post-war veteran's groups, the United Confederate Veterans (U.C.V.) A Confederate battle flag distinct from the flag of the Confederacy, the "Stars and Bars," was created following the first major battle of the Civil War, at Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia, in July 1861, because in the heat of battle soldiers and commanders confused the Stars and Bars with the Union army's "Stars and Stripes." [citation needed]. Judging from the $12.00 price that Ruskell later received for a bunting Confederate 1st national that was 6 feet long on the fly, it is thought that the 43 flags that he delivered in July and August were 4 feet on their hoist by 6 feet on their fly with eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle or ellipse. Currently 24 Flags are on display, while 9 conserved flags await framing, and several others are being considered for conservation. Was there a cavalry size Army of Northern Virginia battle flag? Their cantons bore eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle. Interestingly, a significant number of Tennessee company and regimental 1st national flags were made of silk and were of very large size, often exceeding 8 feet on their flys. Note, this is not to be confused with the Confederate Battle Flag. Hetty Cary and her sister and cousin made prototypes. [12], Due to the timing, very few of these third national flags were actually manufactured and put into use in the field, with many Confederates never seeing the flag. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of Kentucky and Missouri joined in late 1861. The protesters were demanding diverse hiring and were boycotting the area's stores. These include flags displayed in states; cities, towns and counties; schools, colleges and universities; private organizations and associations; and individuals. The third national flag of the Confederate States of America. Similarly the patriotic ladies of the South who prepared most of the company and regimental flags for the military units raised in the Southern states chose whatever proportions and sizes seemed aesthetic. The trend continued with local reenactment groups raising the necessary funds to conserve flags. The song was sung by Mr. McCarthy in a New Orleans theater before a packed house. [54][55] A 2020 Quinnipiac poll showed that 55% of Southerners saw the Confederate flag as a symbol of racism, with a similar percentage for Americans as a whole. The three states with coasts along the Gulf (Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana) accounted for 39 flags in the survey. Deep South. The Confederate Congress specified that the new design be a white field "with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be a square of two-thirds the width of the flag, having the ground red; thereupon a broad saltire of blue, bordered with white, and emblazoned with mullets or five-pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States. Stars and Bars (final version) Historian Gaines M. Foster for Zcalo Public Square writes that its use was regional and tied to the memory of the war. (Toppling statues is a first step toward ending Confederate myths.). From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. It existed in a variety of dimensions and sizes, despite the CSN's detailed naval regulations. The final version of the second national flag, adopted May 1, 1863, did just this: it set the St. Andrew's Cross of stars in the Union Jack with the rest of the civilian banner entirely white. Please be respectful of copyright. It is commonly referred to as the Rebel Flag, and often mistakenly called the Stars & Bars. Heres why each season begins twice. ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". Why on some Southern Cross Battle Flags is the center or thirteenth star omitted? Unit abbreviations on two of the surviving flags were applied with separately cut and applied red cotton letters. [44][45][46], The fledgling Confederate States Navy adopted and used several types of flags, banners, and pennants aboard all CSN ships: jacks, battle ensigns, and small boat ensigns, as well as commissioning pennants, designating flags, and signal flags. From this bunting Ruskell assembled at least 43 flags, for which he was paid $11.50 each. The flags of the Confederate States of America have a history of three successive designs during the American Civil War. Gen. Earl Van Dorn adapted a red banner with stars and crescent moon as the battle flag for his command. These Confederate national colors seem to have measured 4 feet on their hoist by 5 1/2 feet on the fly. The first official use of the "Stainless Banner" was to drape the coffin of General Thomas J. The blue flag with the circle of white told the Yankees that they facing the troops of Gen. Wm. Segregation and oppressiveJim Crow laws soon disenfranchised Black Southernersand members of the Ku Klux Klan terrorized them. What changed?). ", "Gen. Beauregard suggested the flag just adopted, or else a field of blue in place of the white." Find the perfect The stars and bars flag stock video clips. Of 23 identified 1st national flags from Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, most (16) bear eleven stars; and of these, 7 are arranged in a circle of eleven, while 5 have ten stars surrounding a center star. Quick View. As word spread about the conservation program the flag of the 10th Louisiana Infantry was adopted by a Canadian Reenacting Group that portrayed the unit. The museum is also known as Louisianas Civil War Museum at Confederate Memorial Hall. This caused major problems at the July 1861 Battle of First Manassas and during other skirmishes as some troops mistakenly fired on their own comrades. The Flag Act of 1865, passed by the Confederate congress near the very end of the War, describes the flag in the following language: The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the flag of the Confederate States shall be as follows: The width two-thirds of its length, with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be in width three-fifths of the width of the flag, and so proportioned as to leave the length of the field on the side of the union twice the width of the field below it; to have the ground red and a broad blue saltire thereon, bordered with white and emblazoned with mullets or five pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States; the field to be white, except the outer half from the union to be a red bar extending the width of the flag. But it didnt look like that from a distanceand in the thick of battle, it was hard to tell the two apart. It was distinct from the Unions flag. Marschall also designed the Confederate army uniform. The stars are usually arranged in a circle and number seven or more. The red Saint Georges cross is symbolic of the Episcopal church of which Gen. Polk was Bishop of Louisiana. were conserved soon after. There were three bars on the flag, two red and one white, and thus the popular name "Stars and Bars." First Flag of the Confederate States of America, March 4, 1861 The seven stars represent the seven original states: South Carolina; Mississippi; Florida; Alabama; Georgia; Louisiana and Texas. So Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard decided that he needed to design a different national flag so that it would . LEE. After the battle, General P. G. T. Beauregard wrote that he was "resolved then to have [our flag] changed if possible, or to adopt for my command a 'Battle flag', which would be Entirely different from any State or Federal flag". BRIDESMAIDS Rejected Proposals for the Confederate Flag, Failed Contestants for the First Confederate Flag (February-March 1861), Proposals that Modified the flag of the United States, FINAL EDITION The Third Confederate National Flag, Photos and Images of Third Confederate National Flags, STAINLESS BANNER The Second Confederate National Flag, Photos and Images of Second Confederate National Flags, STARS AND BARS The First Confederate National Flag. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. Return to the Confederate Flags Home Page. (Physical symbols of white supremacy are coming down. Johnston also specified the various sizes to be used by different types of military units. All rights reserved. Perry was a former colonel in the Confederate army during the war, and he presumably based the design on the First National Flag of the Confederacy, commonly known as the Stars and Bars. This flag saw action in the battles in the west. In 1989 friends of Memorial Hall paid for the conservation of a Confederate Battle Flag given to the museum by Rene Beauregard, son of General PGT Beauregard. / Forwarded to Montgomery, Ala. Feb 12, 1861, / Adopted by the Provisional Congress March 4, 1861". The first official flag of the confederacy was the Stars and Bars, and was reported to the provisional congress of the C.S. The result was the square flag sometimes known as the . The first national flag of the Confederacy with thirteen stars was used until May 1, 1863. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. Johnstons attempt was met with disfavor by many commands who were reluctant to give up the flags which they had fought under from Shiloh to Chickamauga. Reviews on 80s Bar in Brea, CA - That 80's Bar, Totally 80's Bar & Grille, Club 80's Bar and Grill, Sandy Llama, Flashbackz Lounge & Grill, FlashPants 80s Cover Band, Club Rock It, The Paradox Arcade + Bar, Stubby's, Mi Vida Loca Bar and Lounge In 1956, prompted by the Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Educationruling that declared segregation unconstitutional, Georgiaadopted a state flag that prominently incorporated the symbol. The blue color of the diagonal saltire's "Southern Cross" was much lighter than the battle flag's dark blue. The flags that were actually produced by the Richmond Clothing Depot used the 1.5:1 ratio adopted for the Confederate navy's battle ensign, rather than the official 2:1 ratio. -"Letter from Richmond" by the Richmond correspondent of the, Journal of the Confederate Congress, Volume 6, p.477, John D. Wright, The Language of the Civil War, p.284, Healy, Donald T.; Orenski, Peter J. [49], Though never having historically represented the Confederate States of America as a country, nor having been officially recognized as one of its national flags, the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia and its variants are now flag types commonly referred to as the Confederate Flag. This action piqued the interest of other members of the Foundation, reenactment groups and family members. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, they flew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. The first national flag of the Confederate States of America was created in 1861 and had seven stars to represent the breakaway states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,. Three horizontal stripes of equal height, alternating red and white, with a blue square two-thirds the height of the flag as the canton. [30] When Thompson received word the Congress had adopted the design with a blue stripe, he published an editorial on April 28 in opposition, writing that "the blue bar running up the center of the white field and joining with the right lower arm of the blue cross, is in bad taste, and utterly destructive of the symmetry and harmony of the design. At a distance, the two national flags were hard to tell apart. Robed Ku Klux Klan members watch Black demonstrators march through Okolona, Mississippi, in 1978. Miles described his rejected national flag design to Beauregard. Flag flown by Confederate Missouri regiments during the Vicksburg campaign. Native American Flags. Most contemporary interpretations of the white area on the flag hold that it represented the purity of the secessionist cause. Neither state voted to secede or ever came under full Confederate control. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. First variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand of Savannah, Georgia, Second variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand, Flag proposal submitted by the "Ladies of Charleston", First variant of flag proposal by L. P. Honour of Charleston, South Carolina, L. P. Honour's second variant of First national flag proposal, Confederate First national flag proposal by John Sansom of Alabama, William Porcher Miles' flag proposal, ancestor flag of the Confederate Battle Flag, John G. Gaines' First national flag proposal, Flag proposal by J. M. Jennings of Lowndesboro, Alabama, Flag proposal submitted by an unknown person of Louisville, Kentucky, One of three finalist designs examined by Congress on March 4, 1861, lost out to Stars and Bars, Second of three finalists in the Confederate First national flag competition, Confederate flag proposal by Mrs E. G. Carpenter of Cassville, Georgia, Confederate flag proposal by Thomas H. Hobbs of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Flag proposal by Eugene Wythe Baylor of Louisiana, Flag proposal submitted by "H" of South Carolina, A Confederate flag proposal by Hamilton Coupes that was submitted on February 1, 1861, The Confederate national flag proposal of Mrs Irene Riddle, wife of William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. Although the creating legislation for the national flag adopted by the Confederate Provisional Congress on 4 March 1861 did not specify the proportions that the new national flag was to follow, the Confederate War Department shortly afterward determined on the sizes for the military garrison and storm flags. They objected to the Democratic Partys adoption of a pro-civil rights platform and were dismayed when hundreds of thousands of Black Americans registered to vote in Democratic primaries after the Supreme Court declared all-white primaries unconstitutional. The Confederate War Department chose two similar sized flags for the forts that came under their control as a result of secession. In this image from January 6, 2021, a man flies the flag at the rally for then-President Donald Trump that led to an armed siege of the U.S. Capitol. In the U.S. Army the garrison flag (flown on special occasions) was 20 feet on the hoist by 36 feet on the fly, while the storm flag (flown during inclement weather and less formal occurences) was directed to measure 10 feet on the hoist by 20 feet on the fly. Beaureguard for the battle flag then named the Army of the Potomac. The stars represent the seven seceded states of the U.S. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. The Dixiecrat-era fad flag stoked its sale on everything from T-shirts to mugs and bumper stickers. This flag was known as the 'Stars and Bars', though ironically the Stars and Bars have a completely different design as compared, to the rectangular Confederate flag. He described the idea in a letter to his commanding General Joseph E. Johnston: I wrote to [Miles] that we should have 'two' flags a 'peace' or parade flag, and a 'war' flag to be used only on the field of battle but congress having adjourned no action will be taken on the matter How would it do us to address the War Dept. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. Although the officially specified proportions were 1:2, many of the flags that actually ended up being produced used a 1.5:1 aspect ratio. Miles' flag and all the flag designs up to that point were rectangular ("oblong") in shape. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. Many restored flags are always on display. The Stars and Bars served as the first national flag of the Confederate States of America from 4 Mar. This particular battle ensign was the only example taken around the world, finally becoming the last Confederate flag lowered in the Civil War; this happened aboard the commerce raider CSS Shenandoah in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1865. STARS AND BARS Images of 8, 9 and 10 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. [56][57] A YouGov poll in 2020 of more than 34,000 Americans reported that 41% viewed the flag as representing racism, and 34% viewed it as symbolizing southern heritage. First National Confederate States of America Flag - Cotton. The only change was a substitution of a red bar for one-half of the white field of the former flag, composing the flag's outer end. The ensign of the Confederate States Revenue Service, designed by Dr. H. P. Capers of South Carolina on April 10, 1861. Also available below is a Vinyl Decal (suitable for outdoor use). The committee rejected the idea by a four-to-one vote, after which Beauregard proposed the idea of having two flags. (How the assassination of Medgar Evers galvanized the civil rights movement.). It was not unusual to visit a Civil War reenactment and see the groups selling bowls of beans for $3.00 with the proceeds going toward the flag conservation program. "Stonewall" Jackson as it lay in state in the Virginia capitol, May 12, 1863. In the wake of the 2017 Charlottesville white supremacist rally, demand for the banner surged across the country. According to Museum of the Confederacy Director John Coski, Miles' design was inspired by one of the many "secessionist flags" flown at the South Carolina secession convention in Charleston of December 1860. The flag that Miles had favored when he was chairman of the "Committee on the Flag and Seal" eventually became the battle flag and, ultimately, the Confederacy's most popular flag. Can we bring a species back from the brink? Thus, there would have been 7 stars from 4 March 1861 until 7 May 1861, when Virginia became the 8th Confederate State by Act of Congress. Confederate Memorial Hall is a museum located in New Orleans, Louisiana containing historical artifacts related to the Confederate States of America and the American Civil War. To this end, he proposed his own flag design featuring a blue saltire on white Fimbriation with a field of red. Even though the national flag changed in 1863, this flag saw continued use until 1865. Notable examples include the flag that adorned the coffin of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, that of the Washington Artillery, famed artillery unit of New Orleans, the First Florida Infantry which saw action along side many Louisiana units at Shiloh, and the Sixth Louisiana (Orleans Rifles) embroidered with the inscription Let Us Alone, Trust In God. There is an active flag restoration program and donors may contribute funds to be used toward the restoration of any flag. This flag, made of Merino, was raised by Letitia Tyler over the Alabama state capitol. [47], The Second Confederate Navy Jack was a rectangular cousin of the Confederate Army's battle flag and was in use from 1863 until 1865. A Virginia Department of Historic Resources marker declaring Fairfax, Virginia, as the birthplace of the Confederate battle flag was dedicated on April 12, 2008, near the intersection of Main and Oak Streets, in Fairfax, Virginia. However, Miles' flag was not well received by the rest of the Congress. Nonetheless both were still represented in the Confederate Congress and had Confederate shadow governments composed of deposed former state politicians. The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. Riddle submitted his flag proposals to Stephen Foster Hale on February 21, 1861. Van Dorn was relieved of command after the Battle of Corinth in 1862. Protesters fought the symbol in public spaces and educational institutions. No seven star Confederate flags survive from these states. Our acid dye process saturates right through the flag producing deep and vivid colors that never crack or peel. A flag with a blue field and a single white star was used by the Louisiana Florida Parishes when they formed the Republic of West Florida in 1810. J. Hardee. "[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], The Confederate Congress debated whether the white field should have a blue stripe and whether it should be bordered in red. One seven-star jack still exists today (found aboard the captured ironclad CSS Atlanta) that is actually "dark blue" in color (see illustration below, left). at Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1863. But the battle flag has since been claimed by white supremacists and mythologized by others as an emblem of a rebellious Southern heritage. Why are there 13 stars on Confederate flags? It was generally made with a 2:3 aspect ratio, but a few very wide 1:2 ratio ensigns still survive today in museums and private collections. Variant of the first national flag with 13 stars, The second national flag of the Confederate States of America. 2nd National Confederate Flag 2nd National Confederate Flag - Cotton 12 x 18 inch The general consensus is that it was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall.The design consists of a red-white-red triband (possibly inspired by the Austrian flag, with which Marcschall would . Long COVID patients turn to unproven treatments, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, This sacred site could be Georgias first national park, See glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazils other rainforest, 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. As might be expected 2 of the flags from Virginia (the eighth state to join the Confederacy) bear seven stars around a larger center star, and 2 of the flags from North Carolina (the tenth Confederate state) bear ten stars. The first official flag of the Confederacy, called the " Stars and Bars ," was flown from March 5, 1861, to May 26, 1863. The committee asked the public to submit thoughts and ideas on the topic and was, as historian John M. Coski puts it, "overwhelmed by requests not to abandon the 'old flag' of the United States." The version produced even today for the Stars and Bars, or First National Confederate, features the original seven star pattern in the blue canton. [12], Flag of Alabama (obverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of Alabama (reverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of South Carolina (January 26, 1861), Cherokee Braves Regiment (modern-day Oklahoma)[citation needed], Flag of the Choctaw Brigade (modern-day Oklahoma) (adopted in 1860)[citation needed], Flag of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation[citation needed], Flag made for the Confederate Seminole (reconstruction; exact shades and layout unknown)[36]. The . [48], The "Bonnie Blue Flag"an unofficial flag in 1861, The "Van Dorn battle flag" used in the Western theaters of operation, Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia or "Robert E. Lee Headquarters Flag", 7-star First national flag of the Confederate States Marine Corps, Flag of the 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles, under General Stand Watie, The first battle flag of the Perote Guards (Company D, 1st Regiment Alabama Infantry). The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. As historian John M. Coski writes, Confederate heritage organizations insisted that the flag was rightfully theirs and stood only for the honor of their ancestors. At the same time, however, the symbol was publicly claimed by those who challenged Black peoples humanitypeople like Byron De La Beckwith, a Mississippi white supremacist who murdered civil rights activistMedgar Evers in 1963 and who wore a Confederate flag pin on hislapel throughout his 1994trial. In Texas, various lone star designs were used during the was for Texas Independence in 1836. In July 1944, one month after the Allies stormed the beaches of Normandy, the 79th Infantry Division drove Nazi troops out of the French town La Haye-du-Puits.
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