The loss of this contract would economically harm the companies of course, as they had been created almost exclusively to handle the Russian contracts. Many British officers resorted to using much lighter Lugers captured from German officers. Without a brake or recoil mechanism, a gun lurched out of position during firing and had to be re-aimed after each round. The effectiveness of the tank as a weapon, was not fully realised until the inter-war years. Grenades were ideal weapons for trench warfare, they could be thrown into enemy positions before troops entered them. Technologically, the machines became more advanced. There was a considerable disparity in 1914 between the deadly effectiveness of modern armaments and the doctrinal teachings of some armies. For more information, visit Alpha History or our Terms of Use. It saw the rise of powerful weapons such as heavy artillery, machine guns and aeroplanes and the decline of 19th-century weapons like sabres and bayonets. URL: https://alphahistory.com/worldwar1/weapons/ Mortars of all sizes were used on the Western Front. One of the few ways that tanks were effective during the war, was that they were capable of crossing barbed wire defences, although their tracks were still at risk of becoming entangled. The Lewis Gun was the British Armys most widely used machine-gun. The demand is very heavy for this character of equipment for use of home guard organizations; about 30 states have not as yet been supplied, and no more rifles can properly be issued to this state. Although chemical warfare caused less than 1% of the total deaths in this war, the psy-war or fear factor was formidable. The German army deployed several types and sizes of mortar while the British relied chiefly on the Stokes mortar, developed in 1915. Gen. Crozier pointing out to one worried mother that, "There have been for some time at each cantonment of the National Army 55,000 Krag Jorgenson rifles for training; these were soon after their supply followed by an additional 2,000 of these rifles, which are very serviceable weapons, although not of the present standard model for the United States Army.". Gen. Crozier, somewhat tersely, reminded the writer that "the governor of the State of New York was authorized to requisition guns from educational institutions and rifles clubs of New York,"and that he had not drawn all that he was able. Australians loading a 9.45 inch trench mortar on the Somme, August 1916, The Hawthorne Ridge mine detonating during the Battle of the Somme, 1916. The first torpedoes, produced in the 1870s, ran on compressed air and were slow and inaccurate. until such a time as the manufacture of the machine guns could be started." Accordingly, Schlieffen allocated nearly seven-eighths of Germanys available troop strength to the execution of the wheeling movement by the right and centre wings, leaving only one-eighth to face a possible French offensive on Germanys western frontier. detachments received a staggering 109,700 rifles, while Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) The Germans, in contrast, focused mainly on anti-tank weapons and built only a handful of their own tanks. The Short Magazine Lee Enfield was usually fitted with a bayonet which gave the Tommy a one-metre reach in hand-to-hand combat. Losing no further time, the Secretary of War placed an order with the New England Westinghouse Company of Springfield Massachusetts on Dec. 29, 1917, for "the manufacture of 200,000 Russian rifles on the basis of cost without profit to [the] company,"which equated a contract price of $15 per rifle. In the south most were sharecroppers manual laborers and domestic servants. Barbed wire is fencing wire containing sharp edges or spikes at various intervals. This long range was largely wasted on the Western Front, however, where distances between trenches could be as low as 40 metres. Mortars launched grenades, small bombs or shells of calibres from 75 to 250 millimetres. Machine guns and rapid-firing artillery, when used in combination with trenches and barbed-wire emplacements, gave a decided advantage to the defense, since these weapons rapid and sustained firepower could decimate a frontal assault by either infantry or cavalry. Even though it was an agricultural invention, barbed wire made an effective defence. In addition, many were disbursed to various organizations that had a need for a recently obsolete military rifle for marksmanship training, drill practice or ceremonial use. Guards armed with Model 1891 rifles. This led to the adoption of a slightly modified British P14 Enfield rifle, re-chambered for the U.S. standard Model 1906 cartridge (.30-'06 Sprg.) The Vickers machine-gun (above)was famed for its reliability and could fire over 600 rounds per minute and had a range of 4,500 yards. Moltke was still in office when war broke out in 1914. Additionally, a new inventory or serial number was also added to the underside of the wrist. Combatant nations quickly recognised the value of machine-guns on the battlefield, installing placements that allowed them to repel charges with sweeping and interlocking fire. These so called Spruce Guns were used by the U.S. Army Signal Corps to secure this critical national resource from possible work stoppages or sabotage. It contains 132,0131 words in 229 pages. Quick Firing18-pounder field gun Mk I, 1906. Weapons of World War I Infographic (Click to Enlarge), Soldier Equipment in World War I Infographic (Click to Enlarge). Hew Strachan, historian. that were put into service in the Pacific Northwest guarding the pine forests. These took the form of Ross Mk II*** rifles, also known as the Model 1905. Featuring a straight-pull action, the Ross fires the .303 British cartridge from an internal magazine. More than 130,000 MG08s were manufactured during the war and deployed on the battlefield or mounted on German aircraft. There was some speculation that the machine gun would completely replace the rifle. World War I machine-guns were not as common, portable or manageable as modern weapons but their impact was deadly nevertheless. While the M1903s total production numbers reached 914,625 by Nov. 30, 1918, the 587,468 M1903 rifles on hand when hostilities started (as tallied by the Ordnance Department after the war) were woefully inadequate to supply the vast number of men that would eventually be drawn into service during the war. This was providing that a necessary supply of belted ammunition, spare barrels and cooling water was available. German military thinking, under the influence of Alfred, Graf von Schlieffen, sought, unlike the French, to avoid frontal assaults but rather to achieve an early decision by deep flanking attacks; and at the same time to make use of reserve divisions alongside regular formations from the outset of war. A Vickers machine gun team wearing gas masks, 1916, Morning star made from a polo ball and bullet spikes, 1915. The shape, size and design of bayonets evolved alongside changes in firearms. The psychological effects were comparable to those of gas, and that was not all the two had in common. Weapons played a big part in creating thedifficult and unusual circumstances of trench warfare which the British Army encounteredduring the First WorldWar (1914-18). Years before 1914, successive chiefs of the German general staff had been foreseeing Germanys having to fight a war on two fronts at the same time, against Russia in the east and France in the west, whose combined strength was numerically superior to the Central Powers. Thesewere latermodified to carry smoke, incendiary devices, flares and anti-tank warheads, as well as high explosive. By July 1918 however, they had been switched out for M1903 rifles and the II Corps Ordnance Officer reported disbursing 1,157 M1903s in exchange for at least 972 Krag rifles. They were first used on the Sommein September 1916, butthey were mechanicallyunreliable and too few in number to secure a victory. The bayonet charge was also an important tactic in modern warfare. However, primary source documents from the era reveal a bit more nuance and show that there were serious war material production concerns at stake as well. On Governors Island in the New York Harbor for instance, the 300 men of the 9th U.S. Despite this, the British Empire suffered over 180,000 gas casualties during the war. The 1916 Somme offensive was one of the bloodiest battles of the First World War. World War I Causes - PowerPoint with Cloze Notes (5 Causes! Artillery was the most destructive weapon on the Western Front. This action, along with the work on Krag rifles and carbines, earned the scorn of some of the workers as reflected in one anonymous complaint written to U.S. This included not only the M1898 rifles, but also approximately 2,500 M1892 and M1896 rifles as well as "bayonets and appendages. The defender had many advantages: Deep trenches and dug-outs protected against artillery; Barbed wire slowed or stopped infantry advances; Following the detonation of the mines, nine Allied infantry divisions attacked under a creeping artillery barrage, supported by tanks. Flamethrowers were so feared and despised that soldiers using them became targets for rifle and sniper fire. Even older US military rifles were brought back into service to help alleviate the acute shortage of functional weaponry. Apparently there is no provision for stacking arms. But they wererisky weapons inthe confined space of trenches, especially when not handledcorrectly. Taking advantage of this fact, Schlieffen planned to initially adopt a purely defensive posture on the Eastern Front with a minimal number of troops facing Russias slowly gathering armies. In a May 17, 1917, memorandum from the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, they report that, there are in in the possession of Educational Institutions 44,708 Krags and in the possession of Rifle Clubs 7,421." WebThe advantages and disadvantages of each rifle type vary depending on the model and type of rifle. The main disadvantage of bolt action is that one has to remove the right hand from the trigger which leads to slower rate of fire. Though effective in the 19th century, these charges were thwarted by rapid-firing small arms and machine-guns. Tunnels would be dug under no-mans land to lay explosive mines beneath enemy positions. Chlorine gas causes a burning sensation in the throat and chest pains. This system was strengthenedwith fortifications, underground shelters andthick belts of barbed wire. Gas casualties awaiting treatment. The front line trenches werebacked-up by second and third lines: 'support' and 'reserve' trenches. Thedevastating effect of the mines helped the men gain their initial objectives. All were bolt-action repeating rifles, meaning that each round was fed into the chamber manually before firing (unlike modern automatic and semi-automatic weapons). Hew Strachan, historian. These machine guns all played a significant role in World War I and contributed to the massive death tolls and casualty numbers that the war is remembered for. The planning and conduct of war in 1914 were crucially influenced by the invention of new weapons and the improvement of existing types since the Franco-German War of 187071. Many of these had been forced to give up their Krags or other weapons during the early days following the U.S. entry into the war, and would likely have welcomed brand new (although non-standard) firearms into their arms rooms. In the end, the ordnance department was able to procure some 20,000 Ross Rifles for use, with 10,000 of them going to New York and the difference being used for training troops in federal service. Specialist units would dig tunnels under no mans land to plant huge mines under enemy trenches and positions. The German navy pioneered the diesel-powered motorised torpedo. On an unsuspecting enemy, Britain unleashed its new secret weapon - the tank. -Heavy. ( Trench foot and cholera were two main diseases decreasing soldier numbers from the allies and enemies on the Western Front. The chief developments of the intervening period had been the machine gun and the rapid-fire field artillery gun. Thoroughly enjoyed it. Mines are large bombs or explosive charges, planted underground and detonated remotely or when triggered by passing soldiers or vehicles. Their official name was landships but the British governments cover story that it was developing mobile water tanks led to their more accepted name. An eagle head inspection stamp in the wood of the Westinghouse manufactured M1891. A mortar is essentially a miniature artillery piece, capable of launching small-calibre explosives over short distances. Publisher: Alpha History Heavy artillery fired much larger shells, often over a distance of several miles, but was much less portable and was moved by specialised trucks or trains. In general, Remington took a relatively minimalist approach and usually chose to simply stamp a flaming ordnance bomb and maybe an eagle head over U.S. on the bottom of the stock, just forward of the magazine. Its main weakness was the track system. The elder Helmuth von Moltke, chief of the German general staff from 1858 to 1888, decided that Germany should stay at first on the defensive in the west and deal a crippling blow to Russias advanced forces before turning to counterattack the French advance. By 1918 tanks were being effectively usedas part of an 'all arms' approachduring the Allies' successful attacks. German barbed wire at Beaucourt, November 1916. No weaponry had a greater impact on the battlefields of World War I than artillery. In order to, "insure production it was found necessary to provide means of preserving the organization of [N.E.W.] The most famous pistol of the war was the German-made Luger P08, with its distinctive shape, narrow barrel and seven-shot magazine. Technical improvements brought about improvements in size, range, accuracy, rates of fire and mobility. The bayonet was a comparatively simple weapon: a bracketed dagger attached to the end of a rifle barrel. The British experimented with a larger fixed-position flamethrower at the Somme, using it to hurl fire at German positions 60 metres away. During the initial offensive 80% of long range bombardment shells, 70% shells in the barrage on the front line and 40% of shells in the creeping barrage were gas shells. To find out more about how we collect, store and use your personal information, read our Privacy Policy. The effectiveness of the tank was severely curtailed, even into 1918, by the evolving nature of its technology, its limited speed and its mechanical unreliability. Guards stationed at Fort Robinson, Neb., had some critiques: Stating a few apparent defects in the construction of Russian rifle, due perhaps to lack of knowledge of its nomenclature: Can be safety locked only by pulling back knob of cocking piece with fingers and turning it to the left which makes it impossible to pull trigger or open chamber. These early experiments were a small taste of things to come. Aircraft were a such a new technology during the First World War that no one recognised their potential as a weapon at first. The inspection team at New England Westinghouse, on the other hand, must have decided to put their inspectors to work, as the rifles produced during this contract run are covered by a bevy of eagle head stampings on both the wood and the metal. While not quite as excellent as the M1903 that replaced them (the Krag lacks a charger loading system, utilizes a ballistically inferior cartridge and is overall longer), they were still very suitable weapons for use by an early 20th century military, as they fit the mold of small-bore and smokeless powder that had become the practical requirement. They often proved as dangerous to their makers as to their intended targets, due to the risk of premature explosion. The largest number of Russian rifles were shipped to schools and colleges with programs of military instruction. As a consequence, bayonets quickly lost their effectiveness as weapons during World War I. The idea of large armoured carriers, impervious to rifle and machine-gun fire, was developed by a British military committee in 1915. Regarding nomenclature, there seems to have been some attempt by the Ordnance Department to give the M1891 in U.S. service the name Russian 3 Line Rifle, although in the vast majority of official correspondence they are simply referred to as Russian rifles." A. on worn-out Krag-Jorgenson rifles used in the Philippine campaign of 99 and 1900 also another force on caliber .45 Springfields discarded at that time. While the Colt Model 601 was the first AR-15 to be mass-produced, there were several design variations that came before during the platform's development. On Governors Island in the New York Harbor for instance, the 300 men of the 9th U.S. The Stokes mortar was little more than an educated drain-pipe, without wheels and divisible into man-portable loads. The stealth and speed of German submarines gave Germany a considerable advantage in its dominance of the North Sea. These large and powerful guns fired explosive shells against enemy positions, causing enormous damage to men, equipment and the landscape. Almost all British and British imperial soldiers were issued with the Lee-Enfield 303, German troops received a 7.92mm Mauser and French soldiers the Men of the New York Guard armed with Ross Rifles. While the companies certainly benefited from government picking up their contract for Russian rifles, the government war effort was at least an equal beneficiary. Guards stationed at that post were armed exclusively with 266 Russian type rifles. Post-war, Camp Logan, Texas, reported it had 532 Rifles, Russian, along with an equal number of M1898 Krags that it wanted to divest itself of. Death can take up to 5 weeks! Grenades came into use around the 15th century and were found to be particularly effective when exploded among enemy Gen. William Crozier, the U.S. Armys Chief of Ordnance, to request authority to being the [e]mergency procurement of small arms other than of U.S. But this was not a painless or fast process, and between military and bureaucratic tangles along with serious parts interchangeability issues, the first production rifles didnt start rolling off the line until September approximately five months after both the decision was made to adopt it and the official US entry into the war. The weight of these grenades (in excess of 750 grams or one-and-a-half pounds) made lengthy throws difficult; they were designed to be hurled from behind cover to protect the thrower from shrapnel. That is because two U.S. firearm makers the New Remington Rifle Company in Bridgeport, Conn., and New England Westinghouse in East Springfield, Mass. One officer wrote of his Webley that after assiduous practice, I am at last able to hit the side of a fairly large house at a distance of five paces with luck. Later in the war, the British used artillery in a defensive way, rather than obliterate enemy positions. As the speed andflying capabilities of aircraft improved they evenbombed airfields, transportation networks and industrial facilities. While Trapdoors were useful in certain roles, there still existed a stateside need for modern rifles more akin to the M1903 and M1917 rifles that were to be used against the Hun (and the RIA workers were, after all, not going to be tasked with refurbishing flintlocks). RIFLES IN WORLD WAR I. Lee-Enfield (Britain, including: Australia and Canada) Lebel and Berthier (France) M1891 (Italy) Mosin-Nagant (Russia) Springfield 1903 (United States) Steyr-Mannlicher M95 (Austria-Hungary & Bulgaria) Mauser M98G (Germany) Mauser M1877 (Ottoman Empire) The modern machine gun, which had been developed in the 1880s and 90s, was a reliable belt-fed gun capable of sustained rates of extremely rapid fire; it could fire 600 bullets per minute with a range of more than 1,000 yards (900 metres). Flamethrowers are devices for spreading fire over significant distances. Its a standing joke among these employees as to when they will be put on Flintlocks. In August 1914, the Germans mistook the speed andprecision of the British rifle fire for machine guns. Modern Weaponry of WWI. During the First World War Private Stephen Palmer was sent an Oxo tin that ended up saving his life. Martin Gilbert, historian. British gunners take a break during the bombardment of Zonnebeke, 1917. Generally speaking, bolt-action rifles offer greater accuracy and precision than semi-automatic rifles due to the manual operation and single shot capacity. It required a team of two gunners to operate it, one to fire and one to carry ammunition and reload. While the fielding of the M1917 is rightly regarded as an impressive industrial feat by the three commercial factories tasked with its production (indeed more M1917s saw field service than M1903s), the fact remained that in the meantime more rifles were still desperately needed to train recruits, guard stateside infrastructure and even deploy overseas. Thestandard British rifle was the Short Magazine Lee Enfield Rifle Mk III. The broader population had become aware of the rifle shortage, however, and many wrote to their elected officials to express their concern that their sons might be forced to drill with broomsticks or wooden rifles. New York Guard markings painted over older Canadian service stamps on a Ross Mk II*** rifle. Technology Alfred, Graf von Schlieffen, who served as chief of the German general staff from 1891 to 1905, took a contrary view, and it was the plan he developed that was to guide Germanys initial wartime strategy. This was until the event of ww1 causing a change in economy to a war economy needing industrial weapons opening up manufacturing jobs in the north. Some Krags did see limited service overseas during the war, with at least the 14th United States Engineers carrying them all the way into France. The rifles acquired under this contract are identified by a U.S. stamping on the underside of the wrist, and flaming bomb stamps in the wood both fore and aft of the trigger guard and magazine assembly. Pistols were not usually a significant weapon during World War I, though they were sometimes important as concealed weapons or for close combat in the trenches. Hitchcock and forwarded to the Chief of Ordnance: Of my own personal knowledge I know that there is a force of men at work at R. I. Most machine guns of World War 1 were based on Hiram Maxims 1884 design. Instead, Brig. This, combined with tight tolerances better suited for a target rifle and loose British ammunition tolerances, resulted in a majority of Ross Rifles being withdrawn from frontline service in Europe and replaced by the Short, Magazine Lee-Enfield. +10 bullets per second. Head to the range this week with American Rifleman staff as they discuss a trim little repeater from Savage Arms that comes chambered for the .22 WMR cartridge. Pilots would even wave at enemy planes when they passed each other on aerial reconnaissance duties! The French developed their own small one-man flamethrower and used it in the final months of the war. His immediate successor, Alfred von Waldersee, also believed in staying on the defensive in the west. Mortars made a distinctive whoomp sound when launched and a whistling sound when falling to earth; these noses were often a signal to take cover. In the realm of field artillery, the period leading up to the war saw the introduction of improved breech-loading mechanisms and brakes. This often involvedclose-quarters fighting in confined spaces so many experienced soldiers preferred to use improvised clubs, knives and knuckledusters rather thancumbersome rifles. Few technical developments had quite the impact of the machine gun on the Western Front during the First World War. -Long reload time. The rifle will be known as the Russian 3 Line Rifle. As the war developed, the army also usedrifle grenades, which were fired from a rifle, rather than thrown by hand, greatly increasing their range. Lengthy bayonets attached to even longer rifles also made close-quarters fighting difficult and ungainly. While the companies certainly benefited from government picking up their contract for Russian rifles, the government war effort was at least an equal beneficiary. They were produced with four and seven-second fuses. As mentioned above, New York was especially interested in obtaining additional rifles, particularly since its harbors were a key point of embarkation. They had a sustained fire of 450600 rounds per minute, allowing defenders to cut down attacking waves of enemy troops like a scythe cutting wheat. Additionally, he stated that the governor was issued 500 Trapdoor Springfields on Aug. 11, 1917, and that, "There are on hand, not already allotted to state organizations, 7,979 rifles of caliber .45. Gen. Crozier informed the Adjutant General for New York that he was already in talks with the Canadians for rifles, and that he would be able to sell some quantity of the procured rifles to the state. Unable to finance the building of the rifle, Hunt sold the rights to George Arrowsmith who in turn had an employee, Both sides dug in and a line of trenches soon ran from the Channel to the Swiss frontier. While the government looked across its northern border for the Ross rifle, they didnt have to look nearly as far for another foreign service rifle to supplement their supply of rifles. Glock pistols have changed in the last few years, which is why it's interesting to look at two of the newest Glock modelsthe G21C Gen 3 and the G21 Gen 4and examine their advantages and disadvantages. Europe The first British tank, the Mark I, moved only at walking pace and was susceptible to breakdown and immobility. This offensive would sweep westward and then southward through the heart of northern France, capturing the capital and knocking that country out of the war within a few weeks. Here are the features to watch out for. The New Remington Rifle Company of Bridgeport, Conn., wasnt far behind, with the Acting Chief of Ordnance placing an order on Jan. 7, 1918 for 78,950 already produced rifles. The stalemate was only overcome in1918 after years of bitter lessons, where the army learnt new tactics thatcombined theeffective use ofthese weapons. A comparison between the four rifles' actions. Laying underground mines was dangerous work: tunnellers sometimes veered off-course and ended up emerging in enemy trenches, while both sides installed special equipment and sentries to listen out for underground digging. WebWhat are the disadvantages and advantages of machine guns in WW1? They were either transported on their own wheels or installed on special mounts and operated by one or two men. More than one billion artillery shells were fired during World War I and more soldiers were killed by exploding shells and shrapnel than any other weapon. Despite its inferiority to the M1903 and M1917, the Russian rifles did actually see combat service with the United States military. Usually wielded by one or two soldiers carrying a backpack or tank, flamethrowers used pressurised gas to spurt burning oil or gasoline up to 40 metres. Women On Target Instructional Shooting Clinics, Volunteer At The Great American Outdoor Show, Marion P. Hammer Women Of Distinction Award, Women's Wildlife Management / Conservation Scholarship, National Youth Shooting Sports Cooperative Program, Underappreciated U.S. Infantry Rifles Of World War I, M1903A4 Development: The U.S. Armys Search For A Sniper Rifle, Springfield Armory's First Model 1903 Rifle, The Model Of 1903 Springfield: A Collector's Perspective, The Springfield & Colt Model 1911 Hybrid: A Result Of WWI Production Issues, The Model Of 1903 Springfield: A Collector's Perspective | An Official Journal Of The NRA, The Martini-Henry Rifle | An Official Journal Of The NRA, Doughboys Ticket Home: Model 1903 Springfield Rifle | NRA Family, New For 2023: Harrington & Richardson Retro AR-15s, The Keefe Report: True Velocity's Leap | An Official Journal Of The NRA, The Keefe Report: On The Range With An American Hero | An Official Journal Of The NRA, Trust But Verify: Function-Checking Your Guns | An Official Journal Of The NRA, Remington Returns: The Revival Of An Ammunition Giant | An Official Journal Of The NRA, WATCH: 2022 National Sporting Clays Championship | An NRA Shooting Sports Journal, WATCH: Colt Python Revolver History | An NRA Shooting Sports Journal, I Have This Old Gun: Maynard Carbine | An Official Journal Of The NRA, I Have This Old Gun: Winchester Model 12 Riot Gun | An Official Journal Of The NRA, I Have This Old Gun: Remington Model 51 | An Official Journal Of The NRA, Armed Citizen protected by Smith & Wesson, The Armed Citizen March 3, 2023 | An Official Journal Of The NRA, NRA Women | The Armed Citizen March 3, 2023, BEAR Arms: Making The Switch From Gun Owner to Armed Citizen | An Official Journal Of The NRA, NRA Women | The Armed Citizen February 17, 2023, X-Vision Optics Launches Thermal Impact Scope | An Official Journal Of The NRA, NRA Hunters' Leadership Forum | Veronica Kosich Receives NRA-Sponsored Diana Award at SCI Convention, Henry Supports Fallen Firefighters Foundation | An Official Journal Of The NRA, NRA Hunters' Leadership Forum | Freedom Hunters: Giving Back to Americas Veterans through Hunting and the Great Outdoors, Hardware: SIG Sauer P320-XTEN | An Official Journal Of The NRA, Rifleman Review: Smith & Wesson M&P12 | An Official Journal Of The NRA, Review: Ruger 10/22 Compact | An NRA Shooting Sports Journal, Rifleman Review: Taurus G3X | An Official Journal Of The NRA, Video Review: Springfield Armory XD-M Elite 4.5 OSP in 10mm Auto | NRA Family, Springfield Armory XD-M Elite 4.5 OSP In 10 mm Auto, Video Review: KelTec P15 Semi-Auto Pistol | NRA Family, Video Review: Savage Stance Pistol | NRA Family, Preview: Leupold 2-10X 30 mm Mark 5HD Riflescope | An Official Journal Of The NRA, NRA Women | New for 2022: 20-Gauge Beretta A400 Xtreme Plus, Preview: Springfield Armory 1911 DS Double-Stack 9 mm Pistol Lineup | An NRA Shooting Sports Journal, Find More Great NRA Publications Perfect For Every Interest, Discover Everything That The NRA Has To Offer.
How Does Washington State Pers 2 Work?, Articles A